Hungarian final exam 2022, translated (2)

Question 1

What is true about the mare’s uterus?
− vagina not affected
− vaginal examination has diagnostic value
− rectal examination is not diagnostic
− transabdominal ultrasound has diagnostic value

Answer 1

transabdominal ultrasound has diagnostic value

Question 2

Which method is suitable in practice for determining mudslides?
− vaginal cytology
− the measurement of blood estradiol levels
− the measurement of the electrical conductivity of vaginal mucus
− none of them

Answer 2

none of them

Question 3

Do you ovulate outside the breeding season?
- yes
- there is none
− rarely
- We don’t know

Answer 3

rarely

Question 4

Is there follicle development outside the breeding season?
− Yes
- there is none
- rarely
- We don’t know!

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

How do we perform insemination with fresh, chilled sperm in the mare?
− with a laparoscope
− with a speculum
− with a fertilization catheter
− with a spongy end fertilization catheter

Answer 5

with a fertilization catheter

Question 6

What method do we use to collect semen from a stallion?
− artificial sleeve
- electroejaculator
− gloved hand
− a condom

Answer 6

artificial sleeve

Question 7

What is the form of artificial insemination in mares?
− cervically
− intrauterine
− vaginally
- none of them

Answer 7

Intrauterine

Question 8

After mating, sperm viability in the mare’s genital tract:
− for 4-5 days
- For 8-9 days
- for 1-2 days
− for 0.5-4 days

Answer 8

for 4-5 days

Question 9

The optimal time for frozen sperm fertilization in mares:
- 24-48 hours before ovulation
- 12-18 hours before ovulation
− -6 hours before and +6 hours after ovulation
- 24 hours after ovulation

Answer 9

-6 hours before and +6 hours after ovulation

Question 10

How can the foals’ IgG supply be increased beyond 24 hours after farrowing?
- More colostrum po.
− Frozen and thawed colostrum po.
- More colostrum via nasopharyngeal tube.
− Only with intravenous plasma transfusion.

Answer 10

Only with intravenous plasma transfusion.

Question 11

What does the 1-2-3 rule mean for newborn foals?
− 1: suckles in 1 hour, 2: stands within 2 hours, 3: meconium passes within 3 hours
− 1: standing within 1 hour, 2: sucking within 2 hours, 3: meconium passes within 3 hours
− 1: meconium passes within 1 hour, 2: suckling within 2 hours, 3: standing within 3 hours
− 1: meconium passes within 1 hour, 2: standing within 2 hours, 3: sucking within 3 hour

Answer 11

1: standing within 1 hour, 2: sucking within 2 hours, 3: meconium passes within 3 hours

Question 12

What is the main event of the postpartum period?
- Increased relaxin production
− Discharge of the amniotic membrane
− Increased production of PMSG
- Increased progesterone production

Answer 12

Discharge of the amniotic membrane

Question 13

When does the amniotic membrane rupture during a normal delivery?
− At the same time as the chorioallantoic membrane.
- Sometimes before the rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane.
- Always before the rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane.
− After rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane.

Answer 13

After rupture of the chorioallantoic membrane.

Question 14

Which one is typical for: smooth, pink, clearly visible blood vessels.
− The fetal side of the allantochorion.
− The fetal side of the amnion.
− The maternal side of the amniotic membrane.
− The maternal side of the allantochorion.

Answer 14

The fetal side of the allantochorion.

Question 15

Where does the chorioallantoic (allantoic) membrane rupture during a normal delivery?
- At the cervical star, but still in the uterine horn.
− At the cervical star in the cervix.
− Outside the birth canal at the cervical star.
− Outside the birth canal at the apex of the uterine horns

Answer 15

At the cervical star in the cervix.

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Question 16

What is characteristic of the foal’s intrauterine movement during farrowing?
− By turning from a prone position to a back position.
- None of them are typical.
− By rotating from a supine position to a prone position.
− From a supine position to a prone position, but no rotation.

Answer 16

By rotating from a supine position to a prone position.

Question 17

Which is a non-clinical symptom of impending parturition?
− Contraction and shortening of labia in the 24 hours before calving.
- Lactation and milk production.
- Waxy drops at the end of the nipple.
- Milk dripping.

Answer 17

Contraction and shortening of labia in the 24 hours before calving.

Question 18

Which is not involved in the regulation of parturition?
− relaxin
- estradiol
− PGF2α
− PMSG

Answer 18

PMSG

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Question 19

What is the main factor that triggers calving?
− Progesterone block
- Fetal oxytocin
− Fetal glucocorticoid
− Maternal glucocorticoid

Answer 19

Fetal glucocorticoid

Question 20

Which period is ideal for early fetal sex determination in mares?
− 55-70. day
− 15-25. day
− 100-120. day
− After the 200th day

Answer 20

After the 200th day
??

Question 21

The most effective way to end a twin pregnancy is by suppressing:
− 9-15.
− 100-120.
- 70-90.
− 200-333.

Answer 21

9-15.

Question 22

What happens if a 45-day-old twin-pregnant mare is vaccinated with 1 dose of PGF2α injection?
− one fetus dies
− both fetuses die
− miscarried
- nothing

Answer 22

miscarried

Question 23

It can NOT be used to successfully terminate a twin pregnancy…
− suppression of one embryo rectally until the 16th day
− luteolysis / miscarriage
− Feed reduction for 10-12 days
− transrectal cranio-cervical dislocation

Answer 23

Feed reduction for 10-12 days

Question 24

Because it is possible to mistake pregnancy during a rectal examination in a mare in the 100-120. between days?
− with bladder
− with ovaries
- with his left kidney
− with feces balls

Answer 24

with bladder

Question 25

Which specific pregnancy testing method in mares? − progesterone level measurement − vaginal examination − rectal examination − monitoring the symptoms of scurvy

Answer 25

rectal examination

Question 26

How can we check the heartbeat of the embryo in a mare on the 30th day of pregnancy? − by rectal palpation - with a phonendoscope − with ultrasound − with cardiotocography (CTG)

Answer 26

with ultrasound

Question 27

What can indicate early embryonal mortality in ewes? − absence of a heartbeat on the 12th day − absence of heartbeat on day 16 − absence of heartbeat on day 21 − absence of heartbeat on day 30

Answer 27

absence of heartbeat on day 30

Question 28

The beginning of placentation (adhesion) in horses... - 80-85. day - 20-25. day - 100th day - day 40

Answer 28

day 40

Question 29

Disintegration time of the embryonic glycoprotein capsule: − 8-10. − 20-22. - 40-45. - 70-90.

Answer 29

20-22.

Question 30

From which day can ultrasound be used to determine pregnancy in mares at the earliest? − 12-14. from day − 21-25. from day − 28-35. from day - 60-70. from day

Answer 30

12-14. from day

Question 31

The placenta takes over progesterone production (in days)… − 70. - 100. - 9-15. - 30-35.

Answer 31

70

Question 32

The cause of the formation of accessory corpora lutea... - INF production - hCG production − eCG production − progesterone production

Answer 32

eCG production

Question 33

The time of the formation of accessory corpora lutea expressed in days of pregnancy... - 9-15 - 20-25 − 40-70 − 80-150

Answer 33

40-70

Question 34

During pregnancy, the horse produces gestational progesterone… - endometrial cups − the embryo itself − corpus luteum(s) and placenta − only the corpus luteum

Answer 34

corpus luteum(s) and placenta

Question 35

Minimum progesterone concentration to maintain pregnancy: − 0.4 ng/ml − 8 ng/ml − 15 ng/ml − 4 ng/ml

Answer 35

4 ng/ml

Question 36

In horses, it causes maternal recognition of pregnancy... − embryonic elongation − embryonic mobility − eCG − interferons

Answer 36

embryonic mobility

Question 37

Which statement is true about the mare's pregnancy? − maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PGF2α production − maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) induces PGF2α production − maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PMSG production − maternal recognition (pregnancy days 12-14) prevents the formation of endometrial cups

Answer 37

maternal recognition (pregnancy day 12-14) inhibits PGF2α production

Question 38

The time of fixation of the horse embryo expressed in days of pregnancy... − 12-14 − 5.5-6 − 15-16-17 - 40-45

Answer 38

15-16-17

Question 39

What is the duration of the embryonic mobility phase in mares? − 9-10. from day to fixation - 30-35. day - 40-45. day - 80-85. day

Answer 39

9-10. from day to fixation

Question 40

When does the horse embryo arrive in the womb? − 12-14. day − 5.5-6. day - 30-35. day - 70-90. day

Answer 40

5.5-6. day

Question 41

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) can be detected with great certainty during these days of pregnancy: − 10-90 − 40-100 − 5.5-6 − 120-170

Answer 41

40-100

Question 42

The beginning of the formation of endometrial cups… − approx. 35th day of pregnancy - approx. 100th day - approx. Day 75 - approx. 90th day

Answer 42

approx. 35th day of pregnancy

Question 43

Characteristic of horse pregnancy: − embryo elongation − bPAG production − ovINF-tau production − capsule formation

Answer 43

Capsule formation

Question 44

Length of oestrus in mare: − 2-11 days - 12:00 p.m. to 7:00 p.m − 48-72 hours − 24-36 hours

Answer 44

2-11 days

Question 45

What is the peculiarity of the horse's sexual cycle? - polyestrous animal species, with a cycle length of 21 days throughout the year - polyestrous animal species, with a cycle length of 17 days throughout the year - seasonally polyestrous, long-day animal species - a seasonally polyestrous, short-day animal species

Answer 45

seasonally polyestrous, long-day animal species

Question 46

Which insemination technique is not used in the ewe? − vaginal/vaginal − cervical/neck canal − intrauterine/uterine insemination − rectovaginal

Answer 46

rectovaginal

Question 47

When do embryos arrive in the uterus in small ruminants? − 1-2 days after ovulation − 3-5 days after ovulation − 7-8 days after ovulation − 9-10 days after ovulation

Answer 47

3-5 days after ovulation GOT THIS ON EXAM

Question 48

Regarding small ruminants, one of the following statements is correct. Mark it! − any catheter can be inserted through the cervix − the catheter can be inserted up to the first fold ring of the cervix - only the inseminator catheter can be inserted through the cervix − the cervix cannot be traversed - the cervix can also be easily dilated during childbirth

Answer 48

??

Question 49

Mark the WRONG answer! Care of pregnant goats. - duration of dry standing: 6-8 weeks − goats with mastitis in the past must also be treated during drying − pregnant goats must be vaccinated against tetanus and enterotoxaemia 4 weeks before calving − in case of incomplete opening, only calcium treatment is given − if protein muscle disease occurs, the animals must be treated with vitamin E and selenium injections

Answer 49

in case of incomplete opening, only calcium treatment is given

Question 50

Which method can NOT be used to determine early pregnancy in sheep? − ultrasound examination − estrogen test − vaginal biopsy − rectoabdominal palpation - prolactin test

Answer 50

vaginal biopsy

Question 51

Examination of small ruminant ovaries. - they can be easily examined with a laparoscope - they can be examined rectally - they can be easily examined with X-rays − they can be easily examined with a rectal ultrasound − they can be easily examined with an abdominal ultrasound

Answer 51

they can be easily examined with an abdominal ultrasound

Question 52

Which method is the most practical to determine uterine lesions in small ruminants? − rectal examination − ultrasonography − bacteriological examination - uterine biopsy − laparoscopy

Answer 52

ultrasonography

Question 53

Melatonin… - produced in small ruminants during daylight hours − it is produced in small ruminants during the night (dark) hours - it is produced all day long in small ruminants - produced in the morning hours in small ruminants

Answer 53

it is produced in small ruminants during the night (dark) hours

Question 54

How long is the estrous cycle in goats? - 16-17 days − 20-21 days - 27-28 days - 9-10 days

Answer 54

20-21 days