Hungary Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
The Tokaj region is in the NE corner of Hungary at the confluence of what two rivers?
A
Tisza and Bodrog Rivers
2
Q
What was the Tokaj region formerly known as?
A
Tokaj-Hegyalja, or Tokaj “foothills”
3
Q
What is Tokaj-Hegyalja?
A
Tokaj “foothills”
- Tokaj region formerly known as Tokaj-Hegyalja
4
Q
In what year did Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy delimit 28 villages in the region of Tokaj?
A
1700
- One of the 1st in modern Europe to undergo vineyard classification
- Started golden age for wine that lasted 2 centuries
5
Q
Who delimited 28 villages of Tokaj in 1700?
A
Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy
- One of 1st in modern Europe to undergo vineyard classification
- Started golden age for wine that lasted 2 centuries
6
Q
In what year was the final legal recognition of Tokaj?
A
1772
- 1700 - Transylvanian Prince Rákóczy delimits 28 villages
- 1732 - some sources date Tokaj’s classification
7
Q
What is aszú?
A
grapes of high sugar levels afflicted botrytis cinera
8
Q
When did aszú wines first start to appear in Tokaj?
A
- Appears in works published as early as 1571
- Szepi Laczkó Máté definitely produced botrytis-affected aszú wine by mid-17th century
- Predated botrytised wines of Germany and probably Sauternes
9
Q
Name four estates that are leading the way in restoring Tokaj to its former glory.
A
- Royal Tokaji Company
- Vega Sicila’s Tokaj Oremus
- Disnókõ
- Királyudar
10
Q
What is the difference between Tokaj and Tokaji?
A
- Tokaj - name of overall region and the commune at the convergence of the two rivers
- Tokaji - adjectival form used to indicate the wine
11
Q
Tokaj is sheltered by what mountain range?
A
Carpathian Mountains
12
Q
What is the climate in Tokaj?
A
warm continental - long, humid autumns
- Sheltered by Capathian Mountains
- Perfect encouragement for botrytis
-
13
Q
What are the soils of Tokaj?
A
predominantly volcanic loess and clay
- Better vineyards on S-facing slope
14
Q
What is the Tokaj Renaissance?
A
Producer’s association - devoted to the protection of Rákóczy’s original classification which divided Tokaj vineyards and neighboring villages into 1st, 2nd, and 3rd growths
15
Q
How many vineyards are recognized as first growths?
A
74
-
Great First Growths:
- Szarvas - near Tokaj
- Mézes Mály - near Tarcal
16
Q
Name a Great First Growth located near the commune of Tokaj?
A
Szarvas
17
Q
Name a Great First Growth near the commune of Tarcal?
A
Mézes Mály
- Tarcal - NE Hungary, W of Tokaj
18
Q
What are the two principal grapes of Tokaj?
A
- Furmint
- Hárslevelu
19
Q
Besides Furmint and Hárslevelu, what are four other authorized grapes for Tokaj?
A
- Sárgamuskotály (Muscat Blanc à Petite Grains)
- Zéta (Oremus)
- Kabar
-
Kövérszolo
- All authorized, but used in small quantities
20
Q
What is Muscat Blanc à Petite Grains known as in Tokaj?
A
Sárgamuskotály
21
Q
How much will a puttony hold?
A
25 kg
22
Q
What is Esszencia?
A
Esszencia - tiny fraction of syrupy, free-run juice allowed to settle out of the aszú, and vinified separately
23
Q
What happens to aszú after they allow a little free run juice to settle out of the must?
A
- Aszú is then trampled into a paste, or dough
- A number of puttony containing aszú paste is mixed with gönci barrels of must or base wine from non-aszú grapes
24
Q
What is a gönc?
A
gönc - Hungarian oak cask, common in Tokaj, appx 136 L
25
What determines the final sweetness of a Tokaji Aszú wine?
* **The number of *puttony* added to a *gönc* (136 L Hungarian oak cask)**
26
When were the revisions that eliminated the 3-6 *puttonyos* labeling?
* **Eliminated in time for the 2013 harvest**
* **Modern Tokaj Aszú is simply laved "Aszú"**
27
What are the aging requirements for Tokaj Aszú?
* **3 yrs**
* **min 18 mo barrel**
28
What is the min rs required for the must of Tokaj Aszú?
**120 g/l rs**
29
What is the min alcohol required for Tokaj Aszú?
**min alc 9%**
30
How much residual sugar is found in Esszencia?
**450 g/l rs**
* **Richer than honey**
31
How long does it take Esszencia to ferment?
* **Sometimes decades**
* **Just to reach 4-6% alcohol**
32
What is Tokaji Szamorodni?
**Tokaji Szamorodni** ("as it comes")
* **prod from mixture of *aszú* and non-*aszú* grapes**
* **often oxidative**
* **min 2 years in cask**
* **sometimes under film-forming yeast similar to flor**
* **may be *édes* (sweet) or *szára* (dry)**
33
What is *édes*?
*édes* = **sweet**
* vs száras (dry)
* Labeling for Tokai Szamorodni
34
Wat does *száras* mean?
*száras* = **dry**
* vs édes (sweet)
* Labeling for Tokaji Szamorodni
35
What is Fordítás?
* **Fordítás - product of refermenting wine w/ pressed paste of Tokaji Aszú**
* vs Máslás - refermenting w/ spent lees
36
What is Máslás?
**Máslás - product of refermenting wine w/ spent lees of Tokaji Aszú**
* vs Fordítás - refermenting w/ pressed paste
37
Who is István Szepsy?
**István Szepsy**
* Talented Hungarian **winemaker**
* Key figure in est. of Hugh Johnson's **Royal Tokaji Company** and **Királyudvar**
* Founding member of **Circle of Mád** - small contingent of producers committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region
38
What is the difference between Fordítás and Máslás?
* **Fordítás** - refermenting w/ **pressed paste** of Tokaji Aszú
* **Máslás** - refermenting w/ **spent lees** of Tokaji Aszú
39
What is Cirlce of Mád?; name a founding member.
* **Circle of Mád - small contingent of producers committed to elevating the stature of dry wines in the region**
* **István Szepsy** - winemaker, key figure in est. of Hugh Johnson's Royal Tokaji Company and Királyudvar
40
As of what year, are all other countries in the European Union prohibited from using the term "Tokaj" or its derivatives (Tokay, Tocai)?
**2007**
* Pinot Gris in Alsace no longer Tokay d'Alsace
* Friulano in Italy no longer Tocai Friulano
41
In 2000, two decades after the fall of communism, how many wine appellations were identified in Hungary?
**22 wine appellations**
* w/ recent EU reforms - now 30 PDO, 5 PGI
42
In what year were 22 wine appellations identified in Hungary?
**2000**
* Two decades after the fall of communism
* w/ recent EU reforms 30 PDO, 5 PGI
43
With recent EU reforms, how may regions qualify for PDO status?; how many PGI?
* In 2000 - 22 appellations identified
* Now: **30 PDO**, **5 PGI**
44
30 PDOs and 5 PGIs are divided among what 3 major geographical zones?
* **North Hungary**
* **Transdanubia - W**
* **Great Plain - S**
45
In what major geographical zone are Tokaj and Eger located?
**North Hungary**
46
Eger is famous for what?
**Egri Bikavér - the "Bull's Blood of Eger**"
* **historically -** dom by **Kadarka - indigenous, low-tannin, light-bodied**, not particularly sanguine grape
* **modern - blend of at least 3 varieties - Kékfrankos (Blaufränkisch)** plus Hungarian and Intern grapes
47
What 2 regions are permitted to use the term "Bikavér" ("Bull's Blood")?
* **Eger**
* **Szekszárd**
48
Egri Bikavér ("Bull's blood of Eger") is historically dominated by what grape?
**Kadarka**
* Indigenous, low-tannin, light-bodied, nto particulary sanguine
* vs modern Egri Bikavér - blend of at least 3 varieties - Kékfrankos plus Hungarian and International
49
Modern Egri Bikavér ("Bull's Blood of Eger") is made with what grape (s)?
* **blend of at least 3 varieties**, **Kékfrankos (Blaufrankisch)** plus Hungarian and International
* vs. historically - dom by Kadarka - indigenous low-tannin, light-bodied, not particularly sanguine
50
Badacsony and Balatonfüred-Csopak are regions in Transdanubia (W) located on the shores of what lake?
**Lake Balaton**
* One of Europe's largest lakes
51
Where is Somló located within Hungary?
**Northwest** - Somló
* On slopes of extint volcano
52
Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak and Somló are dominated by white wine production from what 3 grapes?
* **Furmint**
* **Juhfark**
* **Olaszrizling** (Welschriesling)
* in Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak, and Somló
53
Are Badacsony, Balatonfüred-Csopak, and Somló dominated by white or red wine production?
**white wines** - Badacsony, Balatonfüred, Somló
* Furmint
* Juhark
* Olaszrizling (Welschriesling)
54
What is Hungary's hottest region?
**Villány**
* Southern Croatian border
* Quality from Bordeaux varieties, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó (Blauer Portugieser)
55
Where is Villány located?; what type of wine is Villány known for?
**Villány**
* **Southern Croatian border**
* **Hungary's hottest region**
* **Quality from Bordeaux varietals, Kékfrankos, Kékoportó** (Blauer Portugieser)
56
What is Blauer Portugieser known as in Hungary?; where are you likely to find it?
* **Kékoportó** (Blauer Portugieser)
* **Villány**
* Along southern Croatian border
* Hungary's hottest region
* Good quality also from Bordeaux vaietals and Kékfrankos
57
Where is Sopron?; what grape is it most associated with?
**Sopron**
* **Contiguous w/ Austria's Burgenland (NW Hungary)**
* **Kékfrankos is cultivated on both sides of border**
58
Where is red wine more common?
**Extreme North and South of Transdanubia**
59
What is Hungary's largest region?
**Kunság**
* Located in the Great Plain
* Sizeable amount of mass production white wine (some reds) from indigenous grapes
60
What are the soils of the Great Plain?
**sandy soils**
* Welcome habitat after phylloxera struck in the 19th centruy
* Great plain contains a majority of Hungar's acreage under vine
61
What is the majority of production from the Great Plain?
Great Plain (east of Transdanbia)
* **Every day quality, consumed locally**
* Sandy soils - welcome habitat post phylloxera
* Kunság - Hungary's largest region, sizeable mass white prod w/ some red from indigenous
62
Where is the Great Plain in relation to Transdanubia?
Great plain is **east** of Transdanubia
