Hunger, eating & Health

Question 1

What are the three systems that control appetite?

Answer 1

homeostasis, food reward and cognitive control

Question 2

Where are the cognitive factors?

Answer 2

prefrontal cortex and hippocampus

Question 3

Where are the homeostasis factors?

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

Where are the reward systems?

Answer 4

dopamine and opioid systems

Question 5

Who created the tri-model of appetite control?

Answer 5

Higgens et al., 2017

Question 6

What does the hypothalamus do

Answer 6

Contains peripheral signals from the body and controls hunger, satiety and energy

Question 7

What are peripheral signals

Answer 7

Chemical and neuronal information

Question 8

What is homeostasis more sensitive to?

Answer 8

under-consuming

Question 9

What is the role of dopamine?

Answer 9

Goal-directed behaviour and linked to wanting

Question 10

What is opioid?

Answer 10

liking but not wanting

Question 11

Brain regions that are related to food intake?

Answer 11

hypothalamus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens and brainstem

Question 12

What would happen if the nucleus of solitary was destroyed?

Answer 12

over consumption of food

Question 13

What happens if leptin was destroyed?

Answer 13

cause predispose of obesity

Question 14

What does leptin do?

Answer 14

regulates energy balance by inhibiting hunger

Question 15

What is leptin resistance?

Answer 15

high circulating leptin levels and low responses to exogenous leptin

Question 16

What does the caudal brainstem do?

Answer 16

locomotor and oralmotor skills

Question 17

What can’t the brainstem do?

Answer 17

respond to long-term homeostatis challenges

Question 18

In an fMRI study what neuronal areas were important for food processing?

Answer 18

gustatory, visceral, olfactory, pre-frontal and orbi-frontal areas. Amygdala and hippocampus

Question 19

Who did the study on food stimuli (pizza) on overweight participants?

Answer 19

Ferriday & Brunstrom (2010)

Question 20

What brain regions are related to PICA?

Answer 20

frontal lobe and hypothalamus

Question 21

What neurotransmitters are related to PICA?

Answer 21

dopamine and serotonin

Question 22

What psychological factors are related to PICA?

Answer 22

stress and trauma

Question 23

Who did the study on the 8-year-old and PICA

Answer 23

Rangwala et al. (2017)

Question 24

Where did the eight-year old have tumour?

Answer 24

anterior cingulate gyrus (frontal lobe)

Question 25

Energy is delivered in three forms?

Answer 25

lipids, amino acids and glucose

Question 26

Energy is stored in three forms

Answer 26

fats, glycogen and proteins

Question 27

Three phases of energy metabolism

Answer 27

Cephalic, absorptive and fasting

Question 28

What does insulin do?

Answer 28

Stored in the pancreas, regulates blood sugar levels and facilitate uptake of glucose

Question 29

What is the set point assumption

Answer 29

You eat when there are low energy (homeostatic model)

Question 30

Who said that set-point assumption is a negative feedback system?

Answer 30

Clemensen et al (2017)

Question 31

Two types of set point assumptions

Answer 31

glucostatic and lipostatic

Question 32

What is the positive incentive perspective

Answer 32

pleasure of eating

Question 33

What can explain the positive incentive perspective

Answer 33

evolution and temporal factors

Question 34

Who said humans prefer snacks all day because they know there is an endless supply

Answer 34

Collier (1986)

Question 35

What does the hypothalamic nuclei do?

Answer 35

Input signals from periphery like leptin, insulin, ghrelin and neuronal signals and regulates hunger, satiety and energy levels

Question 36

Who did the willpower depletion theory?

Answer 36

Baumeister et al (1998)

Question 37

What is the willpower depletion theory

Answer 37

limited amount of will power that will decrease over time

Question 38

What did the University of Toronto say?

Answer 38

use of willpower leaves a reduced activity in the anterior cingulate

Question 39

Who said the more cognitive power you use the less brain fuel?

Answer 39

Gallirot et al (2007)

Question 40

Who said variety stimulates appetite (i.e sweet treats?

Answer 40

Raynor et al (2007)

Question 41

Who said that perceptive variety like M&Ms affects food intake?

Answer 41

Kahn & Wansink, 2004

Question 42

Who did the study on patient RH and memory on food?

Answer 42

Rozin et al (1998)

Question 43

Who said memory on eating can be improved with mobile app?

Answer 43

Whitelock et al (2019)

Question 44

French paradox

Answer 44

French eat till not hungry vs USA eat till full (Wansink et al. 2007)

Question 45

who did the study on social cognition of eating

Answer 45

Lafaire et al. 2016

Question 46

Social environment and eating

Answer 46

Peer modelling, post natal and genes

Question 47

Cognitive factors and eating

Answer 47

discrimination, visual exposure, feelings and emotions

Question 48

Who did the study on dysfunctional eating in pandemic?

Answer 48

Costa et al (2022)