HUSH Test 1930's (Textbook Terms) Flashcards
(137 cards)
1
Q
Herbert Hoover
A
Elected 1928, Quaker
2
Q
How the Stock Market was described pre-1929
A
“The great bull market”
3
Q
Buying stocks with a small down payment to a broker
A
Buying stock “on margin”
Margin loan
Margin call
4
Q
Weak market
A
5
Q
Irving Fisher
A
Economist, Remains upbeat
“stocks have reached a permanently high plateau”
6
Q
Black Tuesday
A
$15B Lost that day, $50B that month
7
Q
Marx
A
“life would never be all fun and games again”
“cant laugh the big bad wolf of the depression out of the public mind”
8
Q
Recession
A
1930 – 26,000 bizz close
1932 – 9000 banks close
9
Q
Why the econ collapsed (3)
A
- Overproduction/ Underconsumption
- Companies deny wage raises
- Factories reduce production
10
Q
How many families earned <$2000 in 1929?
A
⅔ of families earn <$2000
11
Q
How much does Gross Domestic Product drop by?
A
GDP drops by 27%
12
Q
How much of the workforce is unemployed in 1932?
A
¼ are unemployed
13
Q
Tax intended to help farmers by reducing imports.
A
Smoot-Hawley tariff (1930)
Corporations end up adding other items to the tariff
14
Q
A Central Bank that cut money supply to combat inflation
A
Federal Reserve Board
Backfired. Money supply shrinks by 1/3 and 10,000 smaller banks close.
15
Q
Europe Impact
A
France and Britain owed US money from war.
Germany depended on the US
16
Q
Amount of people who could afford food/housing in 1932
A
25% can’t afford housing/food
17
Q
Unemployment rates from 1930 –> 1931 –> 1932
A
4 Mill –> 8 Mill –> 12 Mill
(1930) (1931) (1932).
18
Q
What apple sellers in NYC said
A
“Apple a day eat the depression away”
19
Q
Who is embarrassed to “go on relief”
A
Professionals
20
Q
% kids malnourished
A
25%
21
Q
How much more likely were you to get sick if you were unemployed
A
Unemployed family’s are 66% more likely to get ill
22
Q
of homes that foreclose/day
A
1000
23
Q
Name of shelters for homeless during GD
A
alms/poor/workhouses
24
Q
% of home mortgages in default
A
40%
25
__ states that ban paupers from voting
14 states
26
of kids abandoned
900,000
27
__% working women unemployed in 1932
20
28
How does GD effect birthrates, divorce, and husbands
1. birthrates drop
2. divorce rates drop
2. husbands abandon their families
29
__ states prohibit women employment
26
30
___ AAs live in cabins in the rural South
3 Million
31
saying that described getting fired in the GD
“Last hired first fired”
32
Which group of people were deported during the GD?
How many? Where?
Mexican-Americans were deported
500,000 deported, 250k from Texas
33
In 1932 how many were unemployed? how did that rate compare to cities?
25% unemployed
50% unemployed in cities
34
how many homes were lost during the GD due to unpaid mortgages
500,000 homes lost
35
How was Hoover described?
“Great Engineer”
36
Act that increased taxes and worsened the GD.
**Revenue Act** - 1932
By Hoover
37
In the early 1930's what were poorly build communities called?
(2 answers)
Shantytowns & Hoovervilles
38
a "blanket" people used to keep "warm"
Hoover blankets
39
FDR's illness
Polio
40
Hoover's belief that humans were independent from the government and self-reliant
Rugged Individualism
41
of people unemployed in 1932
15 Million unemployed *
42
Legislation that allowed for emergency bank loans, life insurance, and the building of railroads
Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) - 1932
43
Who pressured Hoover to provide direct support to American
Wagner
44
Legislation that allowed RFC to make construction loans
Emergency Relief Act -1932
45
What word did critics of the RFC say about it
That it was a "breadline" for businesses while the unemployed went hungry
46
Who said this? Why?
why not "extend a helping hand to that forlorn American in every village/city of the US who has been without wages since 1929"
Wagner said that because the RFC bailed out banks and railroads, but did not help the everyday starving American.
47
Average farm income/year
$240
48
How did midwest farmers protest their crops being worthless or even having negative $ value?
By dumping milk, vegetables, and fruit on highways
49
Name of the organized revolt of thousands of unemployed veterans in DC in 1932
Bonus Expeditionary Force
50
Where did members of the Bonus Expeditionary Force originally come from?
American Expeditionary Force
51
Which group wanted overdue $ bonuses from the government?
How many people was the bonus owed to?
The Bonus Expeditionary Force
4 Million veterans
52
Who was dispatched by the secretary of war to disband the bonus expeditionary force?
General Douglas MacArthur
53
Name of FDR's campaign song
“Happy Days are Here Again”
54
What 4 major challenges did FDR confront by 1933?
1. Reviving industrial economy
2. Relieving human misery
3. Rescuing the farm sector
4. Reforming the capitalist system
55
First Strategy (3 pronged strategy)
1. Addressed banking crisis + provide short term relief for jobless
2. Agreement between management/unions
3. pay farmers "subsidies" to reduce crop size to raise crop price
56
First New Deal
57
FDR's closest advisors who helped him create the ND
Brain trust
58
Legislation that created a 4 day bank holiday.
Emergency Banking Relief Act
59
Throughout the 20's, ~___ banks failed annually, but after 1929, that number _______ and then _____.
700, doubled, tripled
60
First 100 days
Congress approves 15 major legistlation
61
Legislation that created the FDIC
Glass-Steagall Banking Act (1933)
62
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
guaranteed bank customers $2500
63
Legislation that required corporations to disclose info about their companies so investor knew what they were buying
Securities Exchange Act of 1933
64
Securities Exchange Act of 1933
Legislation that required corporations to disclose info about their companies so investor knew what they were buying
65
Securities Act of 1934
Established the Security and Exchange Commission
66
This legislation established the Security and Exchange Commission
Securities Act of 1934
67
Securities and Exchange Commission
Agency that enforced stock regulation
68
Agency that enforced stock regulation
Securities and Exchange Commission
69
Economy act of 1933
Legislation that
1. cut workers salaries
2. reduced veteran disability payment to non-service-connected injuries
3.reduced government expenses
70
Legislation that
1. cut workers salaries
2. reduced veteran disability payment to non-service-connected injuries
3.reduced government expenses
Economy act of 1933
71
21st amendment
FDR ends the "noble. experiment" of prohibition in 1933
1. widely violated
2. most democrats didnt want it
3. alcohol taxes boost economy
72
Federal emergency relief administration (FERA)
Run by Harry Hopkins
1933
FDR's first attempt to combat unemployment
Sent $ to states for unemployment/homeless
proved to be inadequate, leading to the Civil Works Administration
73
Run by Harry Hopkins
1933
FDR's first attempt to combat unemployment
Sent $ to states for unemployment/homeless
proved to be inadequate, leading to the ____________
Federal emergency relief administration (FERA)
Civil Works Administration
74
Government directly helps its citizens
When government gives citizens cash
welfare state; dole
75
Civil works administration (CWA) 1933
Put people on government payroll at competitive wage.
built roads, schools, airports
40 cents/hr (unskilled)
$1/hr (skilled)
employed 4 million
costed 1 Billion
Dissolved after 1 year (1934)
76
Put people on government payroll at competitive wage.
built roads, schools, airports
40 cents/hr (unskilled)
$1/hr (skilled)
employed 4 million
costed 1 Billion
Dissolved after 1 year (1934)
Civil works administration (CWA) 1933
77
Civilian conservation corps (CCC)
1/2 Million worked as "soil soldiers" to restore the American landscape
employed native americans and veterans
paid 1$/day
Oscar De Priest
3 Billion trees
segregated
3 million passed through
78
Most successful ND program
Civilian conservation corps (CCC)
79
National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA)
Creates
1. Public Works Admin
1. National Recovery Admin
80
Public Works Administration (PWA) 1933
$3.3 Billion for buildings/highways/bridges
81
National Recovery Administration (NRA) 1933
Promote anti-trust laws to create economic growth
competing business can negotiate to create "codes of fair competition"
Sets 40hr week, $13 weekly wage (12 in south), age restriction (16 and under)
guaranteed workers right to unionize
82
When and why was the NRA deemed unconstitutional?
What were its lasting effects?
1935 -- small businesses suffered, AAs and agriculture/domestic workers didn't benefit
set workplace standards
83
Farm Credit Administration
84
Agricultural Adjustment Act (1933)
Creates Agricultural Adjustment Act(AAA)1933
85
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) 1933
Pays farmers to cut production so prices increase
$ comes from "processor" tax.
creates "plow under" program
86
Plow under plan
Farmers paid to kill livestock /crops
87
Farm income from 1932 --> 35 increased by ___%
58%
88
By 1938, _______ acres of topsoil disappear due to the DB
25 million
89
Dust Bowl refugees that moved west
How many moved from 1930-40?
“Oakies” “arkies”
800,000
90
The name of squatter camps set up by dust bowl migrants heading west
“Little Oklahomas”
91
FDR declares the ______ is Americans no.1 economic problem
South
92
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
Brings resources to Appalachia
Constructs 21 hydroelectric dams (creates great lakes of the south)
1.5 million famers electricity/plumbing
93
Person FDR cheated on Eleanor with
Lucy Mercer
94
a term to describe FDR and Eleanors relationship after he cheated
" an armed truce"
95
Program Eleanor spoke out about to employ 300k women
FERA
96
FDR fought for the "______"
“forgotten man”
97
# Press conferences/week (2)
Press conferences/week (2)
98
1939 _____ workers unemployed
(__% of the labor force)
9.5 million
17%
99
Mary Ovington (NAACP treasurer)
*quote on 931*
100
these programs discriminated against AAs
FHA, CCC, TVA
101
Grovey v. Townsend
upholds texas' whites only election
102
Mary Bethune
Director of Division of Negro Affairs within the national youth adim
103
“Black Cabinet.”
104
Scottsboro Boys (1931)
promts. Powell v Alabama (1932) and Norris v Alabama (1935)
105
Powell v. Alabama 1932
U.S. S.C. overturns scottsboro convictions bc judge didnt provide adequate defense attorneys
106
Norris v. Alabama
1935 -- exclusion of AAs from Alabama juries denied Scottsboro boys enqual protection under the law
last released from prison in 1950
107
Collier & Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA)
108
Indian Reorganization Act
restoring land, start business, create independent constitutions, recieve federal funds
109
“Indian New Deal” dilluted
tribes give women vote
110
Republican business owners call himn "that man in the white house"
111
Huey Long
Democratic Senator from Louisiana
flamboyand
"kingfish"
demagogue
"everyman is kind, nobody wears a crown"
Share the wealth society
112
Francis Townsend
113
Father Coughlin
114
NIRA ends
115
Schechter Poultry Corporation v United States
116
United States v. Butler
117
Sup. Court ruled against New Deal in 7/9 major cases.
118
The WPA
119
Emergency Relief Appropriation Act
120
National Youth Administration (NYA)
121
Wagner/National Labor Relations Act
122
National Labor Relations Board
123
Social Security Act
124
Revenue Act “Wealth Tax Act”
125
1936 Election–Landon
126
Court-packing plan
127
1937 recession
128
Wagner-Steagall Housing Act
129
BankheadJones Farm Tenant Act(FSA)
130
United Mine Workers (Lewis)
131
Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)
132
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
133
United Automobile Workers (UAW)
134
Fair Labor Standards Act
135
Democratic party split
136
Ellison Smith
137
“A Halfway Revolution”
