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physics 101-1 > Hx of Radiology > Flashcards

Hx of Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Who created the Crooke’s tube?

A

Sir William Crooke

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2
Q

Who discovered the x ray and when was it?

A

Wilhelm Roentgen, November 8th 1895

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3
Q

Who was the first person to use x ray and when was it?

A

LTC Giuseppe Alvaro, in 1896

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4
Q

When did the US army first used the X ray and what campaign was it?

A

1898 during the spanish american war

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5
Q

What are some important dates to remember?

A

1895, 1913, 1921, 1929, 1974, 1979, 1982

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6
Q

How do you define Science?

A

thinking in an organized and classified manner

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7
Q

How do you define Natural Science?

A

the study of the universe and its content

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8
Q

How do you define Veolocity?

A

Rate of change in position of an object over time

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9
Q

How do you define Acceleration?

A

Rate of change in velocity over time

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10
Q

What is Force?

A

Push and pull of an object

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11
Q

What are the two types of natural science?

A

Physical science and Biological science

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12
Q

Who developed the laws of motion and when?

A

Sir Isaac Newton, 1686

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13
Q

How many laws of motion are there?

A

3

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14
Q

what is the first law of motion?

A

Law of inertia, states that the object tends to maintain its status unless acted upon. Object in motion, stays in motion, object at rest remains at rest.

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15
Q

What is the 2nd law of motion?

A

Force, which is proportional to the mass times acceleration F = m x a

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16
Q

What is the 3rd law of motion?

A

Action/Reaction. Push the wall the wall pushes back

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17
Q

What is a decimal system?

A

system that uses the multiples of ten to describe position of numbers

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18
Q

what is a decimal point?

A

decimal point is a dot that separates whole number from decimal numbers.

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19
Q

In the small scale measurements of the metric system, what are the three letters that represents the length, mass, and time?

A

CGS, centimeter, gram, and second

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20
Q

In the larger scale measurements of the metric system, what are the three letters that represents the length, mass, and time?

A

MKS, Meter, kilogram, and second

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21
Q

What does SI stand for?

A

system international

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22
Q

System International is the preferred system of measurement for

A

Medicine and Science

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23
Q

what does the temperature measures?

A

measures the average energy of movements of the molecules of the matter

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24
Q

Velocity measures ____ in a given ____ and it is abbreviated by ____

A

speed, direction, m/s

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25
Q

what are the 7 base SI units?

A

Second, Mole, Meter, Amp, Candela, Kelvin, Kilogram

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26
Q

what does Newton measures?

A

Force

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27
Q

what does Joule measures?

A

Energy

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28
Q

Matter is anything that has ___ and occupies ___ and has ___

A

mass, space, inertia

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29
Q

Matter as mixture of substance: How is substance defined?

A

Substance are materials that has a definite and constant composition

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30
Q

substance are materials that has a ____ and _____

A

definite and constant composition

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31
Q

What is an element?

A

it is a substance made up of atoms, with same atomic number (protons) and have the same chemical properties

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32
Q

if a substance has the same atomic number and properties, then they are….

A

Element

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33
Q

A compound is a substance consisting of _____ different ___ that are ____ bonded together

A

2 or more, chemically

34
Q

Are mixtures chemically bonded together?

A

no, they are not, they are just mixed

35
Q

what is mechanical energy?

A

it is a result of action from a machine or physical movement. There are two types, kinetic and potential energy.

36
Q

What is heat?

A

it is a result of atoms and molecules. movement of atomic particles causes heat

37
Q

What does electron do?

A

it orbits the nucleus in a fixed orbit.

38
Q

How heavy is proton?

A

1.672x10 to the -27 kg

39
Q

Atomic weight is mass of atomic weight of _____ isotope

A

carbon 12

40
Q

atomic mass unit is therefore defined as _____ the mass of the _______ nucleus

A

one twelfth, carbon 12

41
Q

What letter is used to represent atomic number?

A

z

42
Q

what does atomic number represent?

A

number of protons

43
Q

What is atomic mass number?

A

it is the combination of protons and neutron, or nucleons in the atom

44
Q

What does the electron binding energy states?

A

the electron orbits the nucleus of the atom. The closer the electrons are to the nucleus the stronger the binding energy.

45
Q

What does a combination of two or more atoms form?

A

a molecule

46
Q

what are the two types of molecules?

A

simple and complex (DNA)

47
Q

describes the states of vibration in the different states of matter

A

solid - vibrating in place
Liquid - vibration increased a lot from solid, takes the shape of the object it occupies
gas - vibrate greatly. It bounces off of each other, not visible to the eyes

48
Q

In the periodic table, what do the vertical columns represent?

A

Represents the valence electrons in the outermost shell

49
Q

in the periodic table, what do the horizontal columns represent?

A

represents the number of shells of the atom

50
Q

what are some other names for vertical columns?

A

Group/Families

51
Q

what is another names for horizontal columns

A

series/periods

52
Q

Vertical columns have _____ _____ properties, contain the representative elements.

A

similar chemical

53
Q

in horizontal rows, the elements are laid out in series of rows so that those with ___ ____ line up in ____ ____

A

those with similar properties, vertical columns

54
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

they are electrons in the outermost shell, responsible for chemical and electrical activities.

55
Q

What is Valence?

A

it is an ability for of an atom to combine with other atoms

56
Q

how does the elements in the first 4 groups act in order to achieve the octet rule?

A

group 1 is +1, 2 +2, 3 +3, 4 is +/-4

57
Q

how does the elements in the last 4 groups act in order to satisfy the octet rule?

A

+/-4, -3, -2, -1, 0

58
Q

how is ionic bond formed?

A

from a result of ionization, one element completely gives up its electron(s)

59
Q

How is covalent bond formed?

A

by sharing of electrons

60
Q

What is magnetism?

A

it is a property of magnets that allow it to attract magnetic substances

61
Q

what is a magnetic field?

A

it is a zone of influence around magnet.

62
Q

what are electromagnets?

A

magnets created by means of electric current

63
Q

what are the 3 laws of magnetism?

A

Magnetic poles, Repulsion/attraction, inversed square law

64
Q

what does the inversed square law states?

A

the force of 2 magnetic fields are proportional to the product of magnetic poles strength divided by the square of the distance between them.

65
Q

how do electrons spin while orbiting the nucleus?

A

on its axis

66
Q

when is magnetic field produced?

A

when electrical charge is in motion

67
Q

describe the characteristics of electron spinning.

A

they usually spin in pairs, opposite direction of each other with opposite poles, causing the magnetic field to cancel out

68
Q

how many types of magnetic classification of matter are there?

A

4, Ferro, Para, Non, Dia

69
Q

what are the differences between Paramag and Diamag

A

paramagnetic has weak attraction and low permeability, Diamagnets are repelled by both poles and cannot be artifically magnetized

70
Q

magnetic field in Electromagnetism is …

A

force field created by the movement of charged particles. The magnetic field is perpendicular to the movement of the particle, they are also called lines of flux or lines of force

71
Q

what is an electromagnet?

A

it is a magnet that has been induced by electric current

72
Q

what is the shape of the magnetic field around the conductor?

A

Concentric cylinders

73
Q

magnetic flux created around a current carrying conductor has a ____ ____ and ______

A

definite direction, polarity

74
Q

In the right hand rule for coil, right hand rule is different. what do the fingers represent and the thumb represent?

A

finger represents the direction of the current and the thumb represents the north pole

75
Q

what are the three ways to create motion between the lines of force and the conductor?

A
  1. you can move the conductor
  2. you can move the magnetic fields
  3. you can vary the magnetic flux, both the conductor and magnets are stationary, the flux strength just changes, the lines of force with expand and contract, this then causes the motion to induce current
76
Q

Faraday has ____ laws

A

4

77
Q

What is Faraday’s law number 1 in regards to cutting lines of force?

A
  1. You can determine the lines of force cut by how fast you are moving the conductor and the lines of force
78
Q

what is faraday’s law number 2?

A
  1. The strength of the lines of force
79
Q

what is Faraday’s law number 3?

A
  1. The angle in which the conductor cuts through the magnetic field. when the space between lines of flux is smaller due to an angle change, this means more lines is cut, more EMF induced
80
Q

what is Faraday’s law number 4?

A
  1. number of turns in the conducting coil, the more coil the more EMF
81
Q

what does Lenz’s law state?

A

states that the induced current will move in the opposite direction of the same action that induces it

82
Q

how many types of inductions are there?

A
  1. mutual and self- induction

physics 101-1 (1 decks)

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