HY Pharm Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is the MOA of Vancomycin?
Inhibits peptidoglycan glycosyltransferase (PGT), responsible for polymerization of NAM-NAG backbone, and binds directly to D-Ala-D-Ala pentapeptide.
What are the general indications for Vancomycin?
IV only for MRSA; PO for C. difficile.
What are the adverse effects of Vancomycin?
Vancomycin Flushing Syndrome (4%), ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity.
How is Vancomycin Flushing Syndrome treated?
H1 + H2 Blocker (500mg IV diphenhydramine AND 40mg IV ranitidine).
What is the resistance mechanism for Vancomycin?
Resistance via VanA gene.
What is the MOA of Fidaxomicin?
Inhibits RNA polymerase s subunit resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms; bactericidal.
What are the general indications for Fidaxomicin?
PO; not well absorbed, good for luminal infections.
What is the best treatment for Escherichia coli infections?
Fluid and electrolyte replacement; antibiotics typically Azithromycin or FQ.
What are the contraindications for antibiotics in EHEC?
Antibiotics are contraindicated.
What is the treatment for Campylobacter infections?
Treatment in high risk only; fluid and electrolytes for all.
What is the treatment for Vibrio cholerae in an epidemic?
Antibiotics in the setting of an epidemic.
What is the treatment for Shigella in immunocompromised patients?
Antibiotics; generally contraindicated due to risk of HUS.
What is the treatment for Clostridium botulinum?
Anti-Toxin is the drug of choice; presents as a neuroparalytic syndrome.
What is the regiment for Listeria monocytogenes?
Ampicillin OR Penicillin G PLUS Gentamicin; presents as meningitis.
What is the MOA of Clarithromycin?
50S inhibitor leading to inhibition of transpeptidation, translocation, and chain elongation; protein synthesis inhibitor.
What are the common adverse effects of Clarithromycin?
Common GI effects; severe effects include pseudomembranous colitis, prolonged QTc, hypersensitivity reactions.
What is the MOA of Fluoroquinolones?
DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Inhibitors leading to breaks in the DNA strand.
What are the contraindications for Fluoroquinolones?
Children < 18 y/o; pregnant or lactating.
