Hydraulic Calculations Flashcards by Matthew Ezzard

Fire Stream Definition

A stream of water or other extinguishing agent after it leaves a fire hose and nozzle until it reaches the desire point.

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Fire Stream Condition:

During the time a fire stream passes through space, it is influenced by four things:

Velocity
Gravity
Wind
Friction with air

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Fire Stream Condition:

The condition of the stream when it leaves the nozzle is influenced by four things:

Operating pressure
Nozzle design
Nozzle adjustment
Condition of the nozzle orifice

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Handline Nozzle Specs

-Solid, fog, or broken stream

3/4” to 3”

-Flows up to 350 GPM

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Master Stream Nozzle Specs

Solid or Fog
Used when handlines are undesirable
Flows greater than 350 GPM

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GPM formula

29.7 (D²) (√NP)

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Akron Piercing Nozzle PSI/GPM

100 PSI

125 GPM

Max pressure 200 PSI

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Max Operating Pressure of 1 3/4” & 2 1/2” Hose

275 PSI

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Max Operating Pressure of 5” Hose (yellow/green)

Yellow: 185 PSI

Green: 275 PSI

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Friction Loss 5” hose at 1,000 GPM

8 PSI/100’

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Friction Loss 5” hose at 2,000 GPM

32 PSI/100’

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Appliance Pressure (Hoseline Appliances)

≥ 350 GPM = 10 PSI

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Appliance Pressure (Master Stream Appliances)

15 PSI for all

deck guns
portable monitors
aerial master stream

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Elevation Pressure

0.434 PSI per foot

5 PSI per floor

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PDP (definition/equation)

Pump Discharge Pressure

NP + FL + AP +(-) EL

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Solid Tip Discharge (GPM) Equation

(29.7) (D²) (√NP)

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Handline Tip Sizes NP/GPM

50 PSI

7/8" - 160 GPM
15/16" - 180
1" - 200
1 1/8" - 250
1 1/4" - 325

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Master Stream Tip Sizes NP/GPM

80 PSI

1 1/4" - 400 GPM
1 3/8" - 500
1 1/2" - 600
X 1 5/8" - 700
1 3/4" - 800
X 1 7/8" - 900
2" - 1000

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SM20 NP/GPM

Study These Flashcards

100 PSI

60 - 200 GPM

SM30 NP/GPM

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100 PSI

75 - 325 GPM

Akromatic NP/GPM

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100 PSI

500 - 2000 GPM

TFT Metro NP/GPM

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1 3/4” lines

50 PSI

150 GPM

TFT Metro 2

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2 1/2” Lines only

50 PSI

250 GPM

Broken Stream Nozzles NP

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100 - 150 PSI

Akron Piercing Nozzle GPM/PSI/Max Operating Pressure

125 GPM @ 100 PSI Max Operating Pressure: 200

Vindicator (Handline) Tip Sizes NP/GPM 1 3/4" & 2 1/2"

1 3/4" 250 GPM @ 50 PSI 425 GPM @ 100 PSI 2 1/2" 325 GPM @ 50 PSI 500 GPM @ 100 PSI

Vindicator (Masterstream) NP/GPM

1000 GPM @ 85 PSI 675-1000 GPM for monitors

Nozzle Operating Pressures (for calculations) - Solid Tip/Vindicator - Solid Tip Master Streams - Vindicator Master Stream - ALL Fog Streams - All TFT Fog Stream Handlines -Broken Stream

-Solid Tip/Vindicator: 50 PSI -Solid Tip Master Streams: 80 PSI - Vindicator Master Stream: 85 PSI -ALL Fog Streams: 100 PSI -All TFT Fog Stream Handlines: 50 PSI -Broken Stream: 100-150 PSI

Nozzle Pressure/Reaction Formulas - Solid Tip - Fog Tip

- Solid Tip (1. 57) (D²) (NP) - Fog Tip (0. 0505) (GPM) (√NP)

Friction Loss Equation

C (Q/100)² (L/100)

Friction Loss Coefficients by Hose Size

1 3/4" - 15.5 2 1/2" - 2 5" - 0.08

Friction Loss GPM/PSI per Hundred Feet 1 3/4" Hose

``` 100 GPM: 15 PSI 125 GPM: 25 PSI 150 GPM: 35 PSI 175 GPM: 45 PSI 200 GPM: 65 PSI ```

Appliance Pressure - Hoseline Appliance - Master Stream Appliances

-Hoseline Appliance: ≥ 350 GPM = 10 PSI -Master Stream Appliances 15 PSI for all deck guns, portable monitors, aerial master streams

Elevation Pressure

0.434 PSI per foot 5 PSI per floor (remember first floor doesn't count)

PDP/Max Pressure for Deck Gun

PDP = NP + AP Max Flow = 1,250 GPM 15 PSI friction loss for appliance

PDP Formula for Portable Monitor

15 PSI friction loss for appliance Add friction loss for supply hose and nozzle pressure Max Pressure 200 PSI

2 1/2" Portable Monitor Max GPM/Footage for Single Line vs. Double

-Single Line 500 GPM max, 400' max -Double LIne 800 GPM max, 600' max

5" Portable Inlet Monitor Max GPM/Footage of hose

1,000 GPM max, 1,100' max

Akron Mercury 500 Specs

1 3/8" Tip, 1 1/2" Tip 80 PSI NP for 1 3/8" Tip 500 GPM Max One 2 1/2" line laid straight, at least 10' to monitor

Aerial Master Stream Specs/Considerations

- Usually fog nozzle (100 PSI), Solid Tip (80 PSI), Ladder 5 fog = 85 PSI - Do not exceed max pressure for 5" hose (185 PSI) unless high pressure green (275 PSI) - Add 15 PSI for aerial device, if siamese is being utilized on aerial inlet add another 10 PSI - Add 5 PSI for every 10' of elevation above ground

AFD Standpipe Operations

- Establish adequate water supply w/ 5" hose - At minimum two 2 1/2" handlines should be connected to the FDC, driver should keep hoselines as short as possible (100' Max) - Charge system to 100 PSI plus 5 PSI per floor above the first floor - Coordinate with officer on the fire floor to determine pressure changes, coordinate with firefighter on floor below fire to set pressure at 65 PSI

Sprinkler Systems

2 1/2" hoselines in 50' sections to reduce FL -Maintain PDP of 150 PSI

NFPA Percentages/Rated Standards of pumps/capacity

100% capacity @ 150 PSI 70% capacity @ 200 PSI 50% capacity @ 250 PSI

Hydrant Capacity Formula

Static pressure - residual pressure Divide static by 10, multiply by 1, 2, and 3 Find number that is ≥ difference between static and residual pressure

Fire Flow Formula

GPM's needed (NFF) = (area/3) (% of structure involved) Area (length times width) divided by three, then multiply by percent of structure involved

Hydraulic Calculations Flashcards

(45 cards)