Hydraulics Flashcards
(146 cards)
1
Q
How many cubic inches are in a cubic foot?
A
1728 cubic inches
2
Q
How many gallons are in one cubic foot?
A
7.5 gallons
3
Q
How much does one cubic foot of fresh water weigh?
A
62.5 lbs
4
Q
How many cubic inches are in one gallon?
A
231 cubic inches
5
Q
How much does a gallon of fresh water weigh?
A
8.33 lbs
6
Q
How much pressure does a column of water 1’ high exert at its base?
A
0.434 psi
7
Q
How much pressure does a column of water 2.304’ high exert at its base?
A
1 psi
8
Q
How much water does a 50’ length of 1.75” hose contain?
A
6.24 gallons
9
Q
Formula for Friction Loss
A
FL= C x Q^2 x L
10
Q
Formula for Total Pressure Loss
A
TPL = FL + AL +/- EL
11
Q
Formula for Pump Discharge Pressure
A
PDP= NP (or RP) + TPL
12
Q
Coefficient for a 1 3/4” handline
A
10
13
Q
Coefficient for a 2 1/2” handline
A
2
14
Q
Coefficient for a 3” handline
A
0.8
15
Q
Coefficient for a 4” handline
A
0.2
16
Q
Coefficient for a 4” + 3” hose line
A
0.09
17
Q
Coefficient for 2 4” hand lines
A
0.05
18
Q
Coefficient for 2 3” hand lines
A
0.2
19
Q
Theoretical and Fire ground Flow for a 15/16” tip handline nozzle?
A
185 GPM
20
Q
Theoretical Flow for a 1 1/8” tip handline?
A
266 GPM
21
Q
Theoretical Flow for 1 1/4” tip handline?
A
328 GPM
22
Q
TheoreticalFlow for a 1 3/8” tip master stream?
A
502 GPM
23
Q
Theoretical Flow for a 1 1/2” tip master stream?
A
598 GPM
24
Q
Theoretical Flow for a 1 3/4” tip master stream?
A
814 GMP
25
Theoretical Flow for a 2” tip master stream?
1062 GPM
26
Appliance loss for appliances <350 GPM
0 PSI
27
How many gallons does a 50’ length of 1.88” hose contain?
7.20 gallons
28
How many gallons does a 50’ length of 2.5” hose contain?
12.74 gallons
29
How many gallons does a 50’ length of 3” hose contain?
18.35 gallons
30
How many gallons does a 100’ length of 4” hose contain?
65.25 gallons
31
How many gallons does a 100’ length of 5” hose contain?
101.94 gallons
32
What is the nozzle pressure for hand lines with smooth bore nozzles?
50psi
33
What is the nozzle pressure for master streams with a smooth bore nozzle?
80psi
34
What max pressure can hand lines with smooth bore nozzles be increased to to achieve higher flows?
65 psi
35
What max pressure can master streams with smooth bore nozzles be increased to in order to achieve higher flows?
100 psi
36
What is the nozzle pressure for an Akron assault nozzle?
50 psi
37
What is the flow of the fog nozzle on the Akron assault nozzle?
175 psi
38
What is the flor of the 15/16” slug of the Akron assault nozzle?
185 psi
39
What is the nozzle pressure for all fog nozzles besides the Akron assault nozzle?
100 psi (unless indicated otherwise)
40
Appliance
The generic term applied to any nozzle, Wye, Siamese, deluge monitor or any other piece of hardware used in conjunction with fire hose for the purpose of delivering water
41
Attack pumper
Any pumping apparatus that is supplying water directly to attack lines
42
Centrifugal pump
Pumps used on all modern fire apparatus. This type of pump takes advantage of incoming pressure. Water enters the eye of the pump then travels through one or more impellers
43
Discharge
The quantity of water issuing from an opening expressed in GPM
44
Discharge pressure
Actual velocity pressure of the water measured in psi for an individual hose line
45
Discharge velocity
The rate at which water travels from the office and can be measured using a pitot gauge
46
Elevated stream
Master stream nozzle attached to or being operated from an aerial ladder
47
Elevation pressure
Gain or loss of pressure in a hose line or system due to a change in elevation
48
Flow pressure
Pressure created by the velocity of water coming from a discharge opening
49
Friction loss
The loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls, couplings, and connections of the hose or pipe
50
Gutter line
Line that runs directly from a hydrant to an attack pumper
51
Head pressure
Water pressure due to elevation. For each foot of elevation above the pump the pressure increases by 0.434 psi
52
Ladder pipe
Master stream nozzle mounted to the fly of an aerial ladder
53
Master stream
Any variety of heavy caliber water streams delivering 350 gallons or more
54
Normal operating pressure
The pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands, at any moment in time
55
Nozzle pressure
The velocity pressure at which water is discharge from the nozzle
56
Nozzle reaction
Counterforce directed against a person or device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged
57
Primer pump
Small positive replacement pump used to evacuate air from a centrifugal pump housing allowing the pump to receive water
58
Pumper discharge pressure
Actual velocity pressure of water measured in psi as it leaves the pump
59
Relay pumper
A pumper that is between the source pumper and attack pumper. This pumper receives water from the direction of the source pumper and boost pressure towards the attack pumper
60
Residual pressure
Pressure remaining in a water system when water is flowing
61
Siamese
An appliance that combines two or more hose lines into one
62
Static pressure
The pressure exerted by water at rest in a confined vessel available to force water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters
63
Supply pumper/source pumper
The pumper connected to the water supply at the beginning of a real operation
64
Total pressure loss
The total amount of pressure loss in a hose assembly due to friction loss in the hose and appliances, elevation pressure, or any other factors
65
Velocity
The speed at which water passes a given point
66
Water hammer
The force created by the rapid deceleration of water. Generally occurs from opening or closing a valve to quickly. Damage to pumps, plumbing, and hose lines may occur
67
Wye
An appliance that breaks one hose line into two or more hose lines with one female and two or more male outlets, usually gated
68
What is the formula for determining volume for rectangular or square shaped container?
Length x Width x Height x 7.5 (Number of gallons in a cubic foot of water)
69
What is the formula to determine the volume of a cylinder pipe or hose in gallons?
Gallons= TTr^2 x Height x 7.5
70
What is the formula for determining the flow from a smoothbore nozzle when the nozzle pressure is known?
gpm= 29.7 x d^2 x square root of NP
71
What is the mathematical constant use derived for a round opening?
29.7
72
What is the fire ground flow for a hand line at 50 psi with a tip of 1/2”?
50 gpm
73
What is the fire ground flow for a hand line at 50 psi with a tip size of 7/8”?
150 gpm
74
What is the flow for a hand line at 50 psi with a tip size of 15/16”?
185 gpm
75
What is the flow for a handline with 1“ tip at 50 psi?
200 gpm
76
What is the fire ground flow for a handline at 50 psi with a 1 1/8 inch tip?
250 gpm
77
What is the flow for Handline at 50 psi with a 1 1/4” tip?
325 gpm
78
What is the fire ground flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 1 1/4” tip?
400 gpm
79
What is the fire ground flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 1 3/8” tip?
500 gpm
80
What is the fire ground flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 1 1/2” tip?
600 gpm
81
What is the fire ground flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 1 3/4” tip?
800 gpm
82
What is the fire ground flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 2” tip?
1000 gpm
83
What is the flow of a 1 inch adjustable flow fog nozzle?
12-60 gpm
84
What is the flow of the 11/2” Akron assault nozzle?
175 gpm
85
What is the adjustable flow nozzle that can be set to deliver between 125 and 250 gpm ?
21/2” Akron Fog Nozzle
86
What is the flow of the Akron Quick attack Mercury monitor?
500 gpm
87
What is the operating range of master stream fog nozzles?
150-2000 gpm
88
What is a booster reel?
A 150’ long, 1” line with an adjustable gallonage fog nozzle.
89
What is the flow of a booster reel?
Between 12 and 60 gpm
90
What is the nozzle pressure of the booster reel?
100 psi
91
What lengths does the 1 inch forestry hose come in?
50’ and 100’ sections
92
When attached to a 1 inch forestry hose what is the flow of a 1 inch adjustable gallonage fog nozzle?
Between 12 and 60 gpm
93
When attach to a 1 inch forestry hose the 22 gpm red fog nozzle can be used at what pressure?
100 psi
94
What pressure can the 1 inch adjustable gallonage fog nozzle be used at when attached to a 1 inch forestry hose?
100 psi
95
What is the flow of the Decon shower?
270 gpm
96
At what pressure is a Decon shower operated at? What is the flow?
75 psi at 270 gpm
97
What are piercing/penetrating nozzles?
Nozzles commonly used to apply water to areas that are otherwise inaccessible to water streams such as voids and attics
98
What is the operating pressure of a piercing/penetrating nozzle?
100 psi
99
What is the flow of a piercing/penetrating nozzle?
125 gpm
100
What is the flow of a 2 1/2” distributor nozzle operated at 100 psi?
250 gpm
101
What is the flow of a 1 1/2” distributor nozzle operated at 50 psi?
95 gpm
102
What is the flow of a 2 1/2” cellar nozzle operate at 100 psi?
350 gpm
103
What is the flow of a 1 1/2” cellar nozzle operated at 100 psi?
160 gpm
104
What are the three different types of monitors used in Fairfax County?
Fixed monitor, Portable monitor, combination monitor
105
What is a fixed monitor?
Are monitors permanently attached to the pumper
106
What is the Fire ground flow of an 1 3/8” smooth bore breakaway nozzle operated at 110 psi?
500 gpm
107
What is the Fire ground flow of an 1 1/2” smooth bore breakaway nozzle operated at 110 psi?
600 gpm
108
What is the Fire ground flow of an 1 3/4” smooth bore breakaway nozzle operated at 110 psi?
800 gpm
109
What is the Fire ground flow of a 2” smooth bore breakaway nozzle operated at 120 psi?
1000 gpm
110
What is the flow of the task force tip automatic nozzle operating at 90 psi?
500 gpm
111
What is the flow of the task force tip automatic nozzle operating at 110 psi?
750 gpm
112
What is the flow of the task force tip automatic nozzle operating at 120 psi?
1000 gpm
113
What is the flow of the task force tip automatic nozzle operating at 140 psi?
1250 gpm
114
What is the flow of the Akron Adjustable Flow Nozzle operating at 100 psi?
500 gpm
115
What is the flow of the Akron Adjustable Flow Nozzle operating at 110 psi?
750 gpm
116
What is the flow of the Akron Adjustable Flow Nozzle operating at 130 psi?
1000 gpm
117
What is the flow of the Akron Adjustable Flow Nozzle operating at 140 psi?
1250 gpm
118
What is the flow of the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
500 GPM from either the fog or smooth bore nozzles
119
What is the tip size of the smooth bore nozzle on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
1 3/8”
120
What is the operating pressure of the smooth bore tip of the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
80 psi
121
What is the operating pressure of the fog nozzle on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
100 psi
122
What size supply hose can be used with the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
3” or 2.5”
123
What is the maximum inlet pressure for the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
150 psi
124
What is the appliance loss for the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
10 psi
125
What size is the inlet on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
2 1/2”
126
What size is the outlet on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
2 1/2”
127
What is the value of the ball valve shut off on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?
The ball valve enables firefighters to extend off the hose line off the monitor outlet if desired
128
What is a combination monitor?
Are fixed to the pumper but can be detached and connected to a ground mount to be used as a portable monitor.
129
What is the flow range of the smooth bore nozzles on combination monitors when operating at 80 psi?
500-1000 gpm
130
What is the flow of the fog nozzle on combination monitors when operating at 100 psi?
350-1250 gpm
131
What is the first principal that governs the friction loss in fire hose and piping?
All variables being the same friction loss will very directly with the length of hose or pipe. Doubling the length of hose doubles the friction loss.
132
What is the second principal that governs the friction loss in fire hose and piping?
All variables being the same the friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow. If the flow rate is doubled the friction loss will be four times greater.
133
What is the third principal that governs the friction loss in fire hose and piping?
When the flow remains constant the friction loss in a hose will decrease when the diameter of the hose is increased. Friction loss varies inversely to the fifth power as the diameter of the hose increases.
134
What is the forth principal that governs the friction loss in fire hose and piping?
For any given flow, velocity friction loss is independent of pressure. The velocity of water through a hose line causes friction loss. The faster you move water the more friction loss that occurs
135
What is one way that pump operators can overcome friction loss?
Increase the pump pressure thus providing the correct pressure at the nozzle.
136
Coefficient for a 1” hose line
150
137
Coefficient for a 2” hose line
8
138
Coefficient for a 3 1/2” hose line
0.34
139
Coefficient for a 5” hose line
0.08
140
What is the coefficient for an 1 3/4” hose line per the IFSTA manual?
15.5
141
What is the appliance loss in ladder pipes?
25 psi
142
What is the appliance loss for Master streams?
25 psi (except for the Mercury monitor)
143
What is the appliance loss for standpipes?
25 psi
144
How much pressure will a 10’ column of water exert at its base?
4.34 psi
145
During normal operating conditions, what is the maximum safe pump discharge pressure?
250 psi
146
What is the flow and nozzle pressure of the JS-10 air aspirating nozzle?
100 gpm at 100 psi
