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Apparatus Test > Hydraulics > Flashcards

Hydraulics Flashcards

1
Q

How many cubic inches are in a cubic foot?

A

1728 cubic inches

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2
Q

How many gallons are in one cubic foot?

A

7.5 gallons

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3
Q

How much does one cubic foot of fresh water weigh?

A

62.5 lbs

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4
Q

How many cubic inches are in one gallon?

A

231 cubic inches

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5
Q

How much does a gallon of fresh water weigh?

A

8.33 lbs

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6
Q

How much pressure does a column of water 1’ high exert at its base?

A

0.434 psi

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7
Q

How much pressure does a column of water 2.304’ high exert at its base?

A

1 psi

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8
Q

How much water does a 50’ length of 1.75” hose contain?

A

6.24 gallons

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9
Q

Formula for Friction Loss

A

FL= C x Q^2 x L

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10
Q

Formula for Total Pressure Loss

A

TPL = FL + AL +/- EL

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11
Q

Formula for Pump Discharge Pressure

A

PDP= NP (or RP) + TPL

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12
Q

Coefficient for a 1 3/4” handline

A

10

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13
Q

Coefficient for a 2 1/2” handline

A

2

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14
Q

Coefficient for a 3” handline

A

0.8

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15
Q

Coefficient for a 4” handline

A

0.2

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16
Q

Coefficient for a 4” + 3” hose line

A

0.09

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17
Q

Coefficient for 2 4” hand lines

A

0.05

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18
Q

Coefficient for 2 3” hand lines

A

0.2

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19
Q

Flow for a 15/16” tip

A

185 GPM

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20
Q

Flow for a 1 1/8” tip

A

266 GPM

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21
Q

Flow for 1 1/4” tip

A

328 GPM

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22
Q

TheoreticalFlow for a 1 3/8” tip

A

502 GPM

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23
Q

Theoretical Flow for a 1 1/2” tip

A

598 GPM

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24
Q

Theoretical Flow for a 1 3/4” tip

A

814 GMP

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25
Q

Theoretical Flow for a 2” tip

A

1062 GPM

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26
Q

Appliance loss for appliances <350 GPM

A

0 PSI

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27
Q

How many gallons does a 50’ length of 1.88” hose contain?

A

7.20 gallons

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28
Q

How many gallons does a 50’ length of 2.5” hose contain?

A

12.74 gallons

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29
Q

How many gallons does a 50’ length of 3” hose contain?

A

18.35 gallons

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30
Q

How many gallons does a 100’ length of 4” hose contain?

A

65.25 gallons

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31
Q

How many gallons does a 100’ length of 5” hose contain?

A

101.94 gallons

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32
Q

What is the nozzle pressure for hand lines with smooth bore nozzles?

A

50psi

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33
Q

What is the nozzle pressure for master streams with a smooth bore nozzle?

A

80psi

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34
Q

What max pressure can hand lines with smooth bore nozzles be increased to to achieve higher flows?

A

65 psi

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35
Q

What max pressure can master streams with smooth bore nozzles be increased to to achieve higher flows?

A

100 psi

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36
Q

What is the nozzle pressure for an Akron assault nozzle?

A

50 psi

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37
Q

What is the flow of the fog nozzle on the Akron assault nozzle?

A

175 psi

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38
Q

What is the flor of the 15/16” slug of the Akron assault nozzle?

A

185 psi

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39
Q

What is the nozzle pressure for all fog nozzles besides the Akron assault nozzle?

A

100 psi (unless indicated otherwise)

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40
Q

Appliance

A

The generic term applied to any nozzle, Wye, Siamese, deluge monitor or any other piece of hardware used in conjunction with fire hose for the purpose of delivering water

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41
Q

Attack pumper

A

Any pumping apparatus that is supplying water directly to attack lines

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42
Q

Centrifugal pump

A

Pumps used on all modern fire apparatus. This type of pump takes advantage of incoming pressure. Water enters the eye of the pump then travels through one or more impellers

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43
Q

Discharge

A

The quantity of water issuing from an opening expressed in GPM

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44
Q

Discharge pressure

A

Actual velocity pressure of the water measured in psi for an individual hose line

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45
Q

Discharge velocity

A

The rate at which water travels from the office and can be measured using a pitot gauge

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46
Q

Elevated stream

A

Master stream nozzle attached to or being operated from an aerial ladder

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47
Q

Elevation pressure

A

Gain or loss of pressure in a hose line or system due to a change in elevation

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48
Q

Flow pressure

A

Pressure created by the velocity of water coming from a discharge opening

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49
Q

Friction loss

A

The loss of pressure created by the turbulence of water moving against the interior walls, couplings, and connections of the hose or pipe

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50
Q

Gutter line

A

Line that runs directly from a hydrant to an attack pumper

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51
Q

Head pressure

A

Water pressure due to elevation. For each foot of elevation above the pump the pressure increases by 0.434 psi

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52
Q

Ladder pipe

A

Master stream nozzle mounted to the fly of an aerial ladder

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53
Q

Master stream

A

Any variety of heavy caliber water streams delivering 350 gallons or more

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54
Q

Normal operating pressure

A

The pressure found in a water distribution system during normal consumption demands, at any moment in time

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55
Q

Nozzle pressure

A

The velocity pressure at which water is discharge from the nozzle

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56
Q

Nozzle reaction

A

Counterforce directed against a person or device holding a nozzle by the velocity of water being discharged

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57
Q

Primer pump

A

Small positive replacement pump used to evacuate air from a centrifugal pump housing allowing the pump to receive water

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58
Q

Pumper discharge pressure

A

Actual velocity pressure of water measured in psi as it leaves the pump

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59
Q

Relay pumper

A

A pumper that is between the source pumper and attack pumper. This pumper receives water from the direction of the source pumper and boost pressure towards the attack pumper

60
Q

Residual pressure

A

Pressure remaining in a water system when water is flowing

61
Q

Siamese

A

An appliance that combines two or more hose lines into one

62
Q

Static pressure

A

The pressure exerted by water at rest in a confined vessel available to force water through pipe, fittings, fire hose, and adapters

63
Q

Supply pumper/source pumper

A

The pumper connected to the water supply at the beginning of a real operation

64
Q

Total pressure loss

A

The total amount of pressure loss in a hose assembly due to friction loss in the hose and appliances, elevation pressure, or any other factors

65
Q

Velocity

A

The speed at which water passes a given point

66
Q

Water hammer

A

The force created by the rapid deceleration of water. Generally occurs from opening or closing a valve to quickly. Damage to pumps, plumbing, and hose lines may occur

67
Q

Wye

A

An appliance that breaks one hose line into two or more hose lines with one female and two or more male outlets, usually gated

68
Q

What is the formula for determining volume for rectangular or square shaped container?

A

Length x Width x Height x 7.5 (Number of gallons in a cubic foot of water)

69
Q

What is the formula to determine the volume of a cylinder pipe or hose in gallons?

A

Gallons= TTr^2 x Height x 7.5

70
Q

What is the formula for determining the flow from a smoothbore nozzle when the nozzle pressure is known?

A

gpm= 29.7 x d^2 x square root of NP

71
Q

What is the mathematical constant use derived for a round opening?

A

29.7

72
Q

What is the fire ground flow for a hand line at 50 psi with a tip of 1/2”?

A

50 gpm

73
Q

What is the flow for a hand line at 50 psi with a tip size of 7/8”?

A

150 gpm

74
Q

What is the flow for a hand line at 50 psi with a tip size of 15/16”?

A

185 gpm

75
Q

What is the flow for a handline with 1“ tip at 50 psi?

A

200 gpm

76
Q

What is the flow for a handline at 50 psi with a 1 1/8 inch tip?

A

250 gpm

77
Q

What is the flow for Handline at 50 psi with a 1 1/4” tip?

A

325 gpm

78
Q

What is the flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 1/4” tip?

A

400 gpm

79
Q

What is the flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 1 3/8” tip?

A

500 gpm

80
Q

What is the flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 1 1/2” tip?

A

600 gpm

81
Q

What is the flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 1 3/4” tip?

A

800 gpm

82
Q

What is the flow for a master stream at 80 PSI with a 2” tip?

A

1000 gpm

83
Q

What is the flow of a 1 inch adjustable flow fog nozzle?

A

12-60 gpm

84
Q

What is the flow of the 11/2” Akron assault nozzle?

A

175 gpm

85
Q

What is the adjustable flow nozzle that can be set to deliver between 125 and 250 gpm ?

A

21/2” Akron Fog Nozzle

86
Q

What is the flow of the Akron Quick attack Mercury monitor?

A

500 gpm

87
Q

What is the operating range of master stream fog nozzles?

A

150-2000 gpm

88
Q

What is a booster reel?

A

A 150’ long, 1” line with an adjustable gallonage fog nozzle.

89
Q

What is the flow of a booster reel?

A

Between 12 and 60 gpm

90
Q

What is the nozzle pressure of the booster reel?

A

100 psi

91
Q

What length does the 1 inch forestry hose come in?

A

50’ and 100’ sections

92
Q

When attached to a 1 inch forestry hose what is the flow of a 1 inch adjustable gallonage fog nozzle?

A

Between 12 and 60 gpm

93
Q

Wanna attach to a 1 inch forestry hose the 22 gpm red fog nozzle can be used at what pressure?

A

100 psi

94
Q

What pressure can the 1 inch adjustable gallonage fog nozzle be used at the hen attached to a 1 inch forestry hose?

A

100 psi

95
Q

What is the flow of the Decon shower?

A

270 gpm

96
Q

At what pressure is a Decon shower operated at?

A

75 psi

97
Q

What are piercing/penetrating nozzles?

A

Nozzles commonly used to apply water to areas that are otherwise inaccessible to water streams such as voids and attics

98
Q

What is the operating pressure of a piercing/penetrating nozzle?

A

100 psi

99
Q

What is the flow of a piercing/penetrating nozzle?

A

125 gpm

100
Q

What is the flow of a 2 1/2” distributor nozzle operated at 100 psi?

A

250 gpm

101
Q

What is the flow of a 1 1/2” distributor nozzle operated at 50 psi?

A

95 gpm

102
Q

What is the flow of a 2 1/2” cellar nozzle operate at 100 psi?

A

350 gpm

103
Q

What is the flow of a 1 1/2” cellar nozzle operated at 100 psi?

A

160 gpm

104
Q

What are the three different types of monitors used in Fairfax County?

A

Fixed monitor, Portable monitor, combination monitor

105
Q

What is a fixed monitor?

A

Are monitors permanently attached to the pumper

106
Q

What is the Fire ground flow of an 1 3/8” smooth bore breakaway nozzle operated at 110 psi?

A

500 gpm

107
Q

What is the Fire ground flow of an 1 1/2” smooth bore breakaway nozzle operated at 110 psi?

A

600 gpm

108
Q

What is the Fire ground flow of an 1 3/4” smooth bore breakaway nozzle operated at 110 psi?

A

800 gpm

109
Q

What is the Fire ground flow of a 2” smooth bore breakaway nozzle operated at 120 psi?

A

1000 gpm

110
Q

What is the flow of the task force tip automatic nozzle operating at 90 psi?

A

500 gpm

111
Q

What is the flow of the task force tip automatic nozzle operating at 110 psi?

A

750 gpm

112
Q

What is the flow of the task force tip automatic nozzle operating at 120 psi?

A

1000 gpm

113
Q

What is the flow of the task force tip automatic nozzle operating at 140 psi?

A

1250 gpm

114
Q

What is the flow of the Akron Adjustable Flow Nozzle operating at 100 psi?

A

500 gpm

115
Q

What is the flow of the Akron Adjustable Flow Nozzle operating at 110 psi?

A

750 gpm

116
Q

What is the flow of the Akron Adjustable Flow Nozzle operating at 130 psi?

A

1000 gpm

117
Q

What is the flow of the Akron Adjustable Flow Nozzle operating at 140 psi?

A

1250 gpm

118
Q

What is the flow of the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

500 GPM from either the fog or smooth bore nozzles

119
Q

What is the tip size of the smooth bore nozzle on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

1 3/8”

120
Q

What is the operating pressure of the smooth bore tip of the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

80 psi

121
Q

What is the operating pressure of the fog nozzle on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

100 psi

122
Q

What size supply hose can be used with the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

3” or 2.5”

123
Q

What is the maximum inlet pressure for the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

150 psi

124
Q

What is the appliance loss for the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

10 psi

125
Q

What size is the inlet on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

2 1/2”

126
Q

What size is the outlet on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

2 1/2”

127
Q

What is the value of the ball valve shut off on the Akron Quick-attack Mercury monitor?

A

The ball valve enables firefighters to extend off the hose line off the monitor outlet if desired

128
Q

What is a combination monitor?

A

Are fixed to the pumper but can be detached and connected to a ground mount to be used as a portable monitor.

129
Q

What is the flow of the smooth bore nozzle on combination monitors when operating at 80 psi?

A

500-1000 gpm

130
Q

What is the flow of the fog nozzle on combination monitors when operating at 100 psi?

A

350-1250 gpm

131
Q

What is the first principal that governs the friction loss in fire hose and piping?

A

All variables being the same friction loss will very directly with the length of hose or pipe. Doubling the length of hose doubles the friction loss.

132
Q

What is the second principal that governs the friction loss in fire hose and piping?

A

All variables being the same the friction loss varies approximately with the square of the increase in the velocity of the flow. If the flow rate is doubled the friction loss will be four times greater.

133
Q

What is the third principal that governs the friction loss in fire hose and piping?

A

When the flow remains constant the friction loss in a hose will decrease when the diameter of the hose is increased. Friction loss varies inversely to the fifth power as the diameter of the hose increases.

134
Q

What is the forth principal that governs the friction loss in fire hose and piping?

A

For any given flow, velocity friction loss is independent of pressure. The velocity of water through a hose line causes friction loss. The faster you move water the more friction loss that occurs

135
Q

What is one way that pump operators can overcome friction loss?

A

Increase the pump pressure thus providing the correct pressure at the nozzle.

136
Q

Coefficient for a 1” hose line

A

150

137
Q

Coefficient for a 2” hose line

A

8

138
Q

Coefficient for a 3 1/2” hose line

A

0.34

139
Q

Coefficient for a 5” hose line

A

0.08

140
Q

What is the coefficient for an 1 3/4” hose line per the IFSTA manual?

A

15.5

141
Q

What is the appliance loss in ladder pipes?

A

25 psi

142
Q

What is the appliance loss for Master streams?

A

25 psi (except for the Mercury monitor)

143
Q

What is the appliance loss for standpipes?

A

25 psi

144
Q

How much pressure will a 10’ column of water exert at its base?

A

4.34 psi

145
Q

During normal operating conditions, what is the maximum safe pump discharge pressure?

A

250 psi

146
Q

What is the flow and nozzle pressure of the JS-10 air aspirating nozzle?

A

100 gpm at 100 psi

Apparatus Test (8 decks)

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