Hydraulics

Question 1

Minor losses through valves, fittings, bends, contractions etc. are commonly modeled as proportional to:

Answer 1

velocity head

Question 2

The best hydraulic cross section for a trapezoidal channel of base width b is one for which the length of the side edge of the flow section is:

Answer 2

b

Question 3

When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network, the flow is called:

Answer 3

turbulent flow

Question 4

Type of flow where the flow rate does not change over time.

Answer 4

steady flow

Question 5

Type of flow where the mean velocity of flow for a given length or reach is the same at every cross section.

Answer 5

uniform flow

Question 6

Uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a solid boundary in which the direction of flow at every point remains constant.

Answer 6

laminar flow

Question 7

Type of flow where at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same.

Answer 7

continuous flow

Question 8

Type of flow in which, for a fixed rate of flow, the specific energy is minimum.

Answer 8

critical flow

Question 9

Type of flow in which the density of the fluid is constant from one point to another.

Answer 9

incompressible flow

Question 10

Type of flow in which the fluid particles rotate about their own axis while flowing along the streamline.

Answer 10

rotational flow

Question 11

In a triangular channel section, the most economical section is achieved when each of its sloping sides make an angle of _____ with the vertical.

Answer 11

45 degrees

Question 12

Where is the metacenter for stable equilibrium?

Answer 12

above the center of gravity

Question 13

When the metacenter of a floating body is lower than the center of gravity, then the body will be in?

Answer 13

unstable equilibrium

Question 14

The metacentric height is the distance between the:

Answer 14

center of gravity of the floating body and the metacenter

Question 15

The weight per unit volume of a liquid at a standard temperature and pressure is called:

Answer 15

specific weight

Question 16

A pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change) is referred to in hydraulics as:

Answer 16

water hammer

Question 17

A type of shock where the flow undergoes a sudden transition from swift flow to tranquil flow.

Answer 17

hydraulic jump

Question 18

A fluid property that measures the fluid’s resistance to shear stress.

Answer 18

viscosity

Question 19

The vena contracta of a circular orifice is approximately ___ diameter downstream from the inner face of the orifice plate.

Answer 19

1/2

Question 20

When the ship’s metacenter and center of gravity coincide at same point then the vessel is said to be in:

Answer 20

neutral equilibrium

Question 21

speed of the pressure wave

Answer 21

celerity

Question 22

Which one of the following statements is not correct?

A. Specific energy is the total energy above the floor of an open channel
B. For a given specific energy, two depths exist and these are called alternate depths
C. Velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy
D. Critical velocity occurs at Froude number = 1

Answer 22

Option C (Explanation: Velocity of flow is critical at minimum specific energy)

Question 23

All other conditions and parameters remaining the same, water hammer pressure can be reduced by

A. using pipe of greater diameter
B. using pipe of greater wall thickness
C. using a more elastic pipe
D. increasing the velocity of the pressure wave

Answer 23

Option A

Question 24

If a water tank, partially filled with water is being carried on a truck, moving with a constant horizontal acceleration, the level of liquid will

A. rise and fall alternately on the front side of the tank
B. fall on the rear side of the tank
C. remain the same on both side of the tank
D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank

Answer 24

Option D

Question 25

As the depth of immersion of a vertical plane surface increase, the location of center of pressure

Answer 25

comes closer to the center of gravity of the area

Question 26

In open channel, water flows under:

Answer 26

Pascal

Question 27

In any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained is the same at every point in its path of flow. This principle is attributed to:

Answer 27

Bernoulli

Question 28

The volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure applied to the gas. This principle is attributed to:

Answer 28

Boyle

Question 29

Any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This principle is attributed to:

Answer 29

Archimedes

Question 30

A theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing out of an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening.

Answer 30

Torricelli

Question 31

The continuity equation is based on the principle of:

Answer 31

Conservation of Mass

Question 32

The Bernoulli's equation is based on the principle of:

Answer 32

Conservation of Energy

Question 33

When a valve is suddenly closed on a liquid flowing through a long pipe, the pressure wave of high intensity thus generated is known as:

Answer 33

Water Hammer

Question 34

Which property of the fluid accounts for the major losses in pipes?

Answer 34

Viscosity

Question 35

An open vessel of water is accelerated up an inclined plane. The free water surface will A. be horizontal B. make an angle in direction of inclination of inclined plane C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane D. any one of above is possible

Answer 35

Option C

Question 36

The horizontal to vertical side slope in case of Cipolletti weir?

Answer 36

1:4

Question 37

The horizontal component of the force on a curved surface is equal to A. weight of liquid vertically below the curved surface B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface C. product of pressure at its centroid and the area D. weight of liquid retained by the curved area

Answer 37

Option B

Question 38

For the most economical trapezoidal open channel, A. half of the top width must be equal to one of the sloping sides B. the hydraulic radius must be equal to half the depth of flow C. the semicircle drawn with top width as diameter must touch the three sides of the channel D. All of these

Answer 38

Option D

Question 39

Gauge pressure is: A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure B. absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure C. atmospheric pressure - absolute pressure D. none of these

Answer 39

Option A

Question 40

In flow, the liquid particles may possess: A. potential energy B. kinetic energy C. pressure energy D. all the above

Answer 40

Option D

Question 41

For most economical rectangular section of a channel, the depth is kept: A. one-fourth of the width B. three times the hydraulic radius C. half the width D. none of these

Answer 41

Option C

Question 42

Minimum specific energy of an open rectangular channel with critical depth dc. A. (1/2)dc C. (2/3)dc B. (1/3)dc D. (3/2)dc

Answer 42

Option D

Question 43

Which of the following statements are correct: I. EGL is always parallel to the HGL II. EGL slopes downward in the direction flow, it will only rise with the presence of pump III. EGL is always above the HGL IV. Neglecting head loss, EGL is horizontal A. I,II, and III only B. II,III, and IV only C. III and IV only D. All of the above

Answer 43

Option B

Question 44

Steady

Answer 44

A type of flow where at any instant, the amount of fluid particles passing through a pipe section is constant