Hydraulics_Refresher Flashcards by Gabrielle Marie Eronga

An ideal liquid has the characteristics of:
A. same as gas
B. inviscid
C. frictionless and incompressible
D. perfectly elastic

C. frictionless and incompressible

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A manometer is a device used to measure:

A. atmospheric pressure
B. low pressure
C. fluid pressure in pipes
D. velocity of flow in channels

C. fluid pressure in pipes

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In a rotating vessel containing water, what is the relationship between the
height of the rise at the sides and the depth of the depression at the center?

A. The rise at the sides is greater than the depression at the center
B. The rise at the sides is less than the depression at the center
C. The rise at the sides is equal to the depression at the center
D. There is no consistent relationship between the rise at the side and the depression at the center

C. The rise at the sides is equal to the depression at the center

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In open channel flow, which cross- sectional shape is considered the most hydraulically efficient for a given flow area?

A. rectangular
B. trapezoidal
c. triangular
D. semi-circular

D. semi-circular

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Which term best describes a flow where the average velocity remains constant along its complete length?

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

D. uniform flow

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A converging tube attached to the end of the pipe or hose which serves to increase the velocity of the issuing jet.

A. Nozzle
B. Orifice
C. Pipe
D. Jet

A. Nozzle

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It is called frequently in connection with any space having a pressure less than atmospheric pressure is called.

A. Absolute
B. Vacuum
C. Gage
D. Atmosphere

B. Vacuum

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Which of the following statements are correct:
I. EGL is always parallel to the HGL
II. EGL slopes downward in the direction flow, it will only rise with the presence of pump
III. EGL is always above the HGL
IV. Neglecting head loss, EGL is horizontal

A. I, II, and III only
B. II,III, and IV only
C. III and IV only
D. All of the above

B. II,III, and IV only

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An ideal liquid has the characteristics of:

A. same as gas
B. inviscid
C. frictionless and incompressible
D. perfectly elastic

C. frictionless and incompressible

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A manometer is a device used to measure:

A. atmospheric pressure
B. low pressure
C. fluid pressure in pipes
D. velocity of flow in channels

C. fluid pressure in pipes

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In a rotating vessel containing water, what is the relationship between the height of the rise at the sides and the depth of the depression at the center?

C. The rise at the sides is equal to thedepression at the center

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In open channel flow, which cross- sectional shape is considered the most hydraulically efficient for a given flow area?

A. rectangular
B. trapezoidal
C. triangular
D. semi-circular

D. semi-circular

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Which term best describes a flow where the average velocity remains constant along its complete length?

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

D. uniform flow

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Minor losses through valves, fittings, bends, contractions etc. are commonly modeled as proportional to:

A. total head
B. static head
C. velocity head
D. pressure drop

C. velocity head

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The best hydraulic cross section for a trapezoidal channel of base width b is one for which the length of the side edge of the flow section is:

A. b
B. b/2
C. 2b
D. √𝟑𝐛

A. b

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When the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network, the flow is called:

A. uniform flow
B. laminar flow
C. continuous flow
D. turbulent flow

D. turbulent flow

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Type of flow where the flow rate does not change over time.

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

C. steady flow

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Type of flow where the mean velocity of flow for a given length or reach is the same at every cross section.

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

D. uniform flow

Uninterrupted flow in a fluid near a solid boundary in which the direction of flow at every point remains constant:

A. continuous flow
B. laminar flow
C. steady flow
D. uniform flow

B. laminar flow

Type of flow where at any time, the discharge or flow rate at every section of the stream is the same.

A. continuous flow
B. steady flow
C. critical flow
D. uniform flow

A. continuous flow

Type of flow in which, for a fixed rate of flow, the specific energy is minimum.

A. continuous flow
B. steady flow
C. critical flow
D. subcritical

C. critical flow

Type of flow in which the density of the fluid is constant from one point to another.

A. continuous flow
B. steady flow
C. compressible flow
D. incompressible flow

D. incompressible flow

Type of flow in which the fluid particles rotate about their own axis while flowing along the streamlines.

A. rotational flow
B. steady flow
C. irrotational flow
D. incompressible flow

A. rotational flow

The continuity equation is based on the principle of:

A. conservation of mass
B. conservation of momentum
C. conservation of energy
D. conservation of force

A. conservation of mass

When a valve is suddenly closed on a liquid flowing through a long pipe, the pressure wave of high intensity thus generated is known as: A. water hammer B. pressure wave C. flow hammer D. jet hammer

A. water hammer

Which property of the fluid accounts for the major losses in pipes? A. density B. specific gravity C. viscosity D. compressiblity

C. viscosity

An open vessel of water is accelerated up an inclined plane. The free water surface will A. be horizontal B. make an angle in direction of inclination of inclined plane C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane D. any one of above is possible

C. make an angle in opposite direction to inclination of inclined plane

The horizontal to vertical side slope in case of Cipolletti weir? A. 1:1 B. 1:4 C. 1:2 D. 4:1

B. 1:4

The horizontal component of the force on a curved surface is equal to A. weight of liquid vertically below the curved surface B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface C. product of pressure at its centroid and the area D. weight of liquid retained by the curved area

B. force on a vertical projection of the curved surface

For the most economical trapezoidal open channel, A. half of the top width must be equal to one of the sloping sides B. the hydraulic radius must be equal to half the depth of flow C. the semicircle drawn with top width as diameter must touch the three sides of the channel D. All of these

D. All of these

Gauge pressure is A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure B. absolute pressure + atmospheric pressure C. atmospheric pressure - absolute pressure D. none of these

A. absolute pressure - atmospheric pressure

In flow, the liquid particles may possess A. potential energy B. kinetic energy C. pressure energy D. all the above

D. all the above

For most economical rectangular section of a channel, the depth is kept A. one-fourth of the width B. three times the hydraulic radius C. half the width D. none of these

C. half the width

Which one of the following statements is not correct? A. Specific energy is the total energy above the floor of an open channel B. For a given specific energy, two depths exist and these are called alternate depths C. Velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy D. Critical velocity occurs at Froude number = 1

C. Velocity of flow is critical at maximum specific energy

All other conditions and parameters remaining the same, water hammer pressure can be reduced by A. using pipe of greater diameter B. using pipe of greater wall thickness C. using a more elastic pipe D. increasing the velocity of the pressure wave

A. using pipe of greater diameter

If a water tank, partially filled with water is being carried on a truck, moving with a constant horizontal acceleration, the level of liquid will A. rise and fall alternately on the front side of the tank B. fall on the rear side of the tank C. remain the same on both side of the tank D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank

D. rise on the rear side and fall on the front side of the tank

As the depth of immersion of a vertical plane surface increase, the location of center of pressure A. comes closer to the center of gravity of the area B. moves apart from the center of gravity of the area C. ultimately coincides with the center of gravity of the area D. remains unaffected

A. comes closer to the center of gravity of the area

In open channel water flows under A. force of gravity B. atmospheric pressure C. hydrostatic pressure D. mechanical pressure

A. force of gravity

The pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted undiminished to all portions of the liquid. This principle in fluid mechanics is attributed to: A. Archimedes B. Boyle C. Torricelli D. Pascal

D. Pascal

In any stream flowing steadily without friction, the total energy contained is the same at every point in its path of flow. This principle is attributed to: A. Torricelli B. Bernoulli C. Pascal D. Boyle

B. Bernoulli

The volume of a gas at constant temperature varies inversely as the pressure applied to the gas. This principle is attributed to: A. Boyle B. Pascal C. Archimedes D. Bernoulli

A. Boyle

Any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid (gas or liquid) at rest is acted upon by an upward, or buoyant, force the magnitude of which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. This principle is attributed to: A. Archimedes B. Pascal C. Torricelli D. Bernoulli

A. Archimedes

A theorem in fluid dynamics relating the speed of fluid flowing out of an orifice to the height of fluid above the opening. A. Archimedes B. Pascal C. Torricelli D. Bernoulli

C. Torricelli