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Hydrocarbon Flashcards

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1
Q

Organometallic + Electronegative element

A

Alkanes
Grignard Reagents

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2
Q

General Formula of Alkanes

A

CnH2n+2

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3
Q

Alkyl Halide + LiAlH4, NaBH4, Ph3SnH, ZnHCl

A

Alkanes

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4
Q

Alkenes + Ni, Pd, Pt /H2

A

Alkanes
Hydrogenation

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5
Q

Alkenes + (Ph3P)3RhCl

A

Alkanes
Wilkinson’s Reaction

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6
Q

Alkenes + B2H6/Ch3COOH

A

Alkanes
Hydrogenation
Hydrazene + H2O2 is also used.

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7
Q

Alkynes + Ni, Pd, Pt /H2

A

Alkanes

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8
Q

Carbonyl Compounds + Zn-Hg, HCl

A

Alkanes
Clemmenson’s Reduction

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9
Q

Carbonyl Compounds + NH2-NH2, KOH

A

Alkanes
Wolf Kishner Reduction

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10
Q

R-X + 2Na + R-X + Dry Ether

A

Alkanes
Wurtz’s Reaction
Cannot be used for unsymmetrical alkanes or alkanes having an odd no of carbon atoms

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11
Q

Alkyl Halide + (Ch3)2CuLi

A

Alkanes
Corey House Synthesis
Dialkyl Copper Lithium Guimann’s Reagent/ Corey House Reagent

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12
Q

R-X + Zn + R-X + Dry Ether

A

Alkanes
Frankland Reactions
Cannot be used for unsymmetrical alkanes or alkanes having odd no of carbon atoms

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13
Q

Chloro Benzene + 2Na + Ch3Cl + Dry Ether

A

Toluene
Wurtz Fittig Reactions

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14
Q

2Chloro Benzene + 2Na + Dry Ether

A

Biphenyl
Fittig Reactions

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15
Q

2Iodo Benzene +Cu/Heat

A

Biphenyl
Ullmann’s Reactions

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16
Q

CH3COONa +Electricity

A

Alkanes+CO2
Kolbe’s Electrolysis
Alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and Cyclo Alkanes can be prepared. Anti-aromatic and non aromatic dimerise.

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17
Q

Ch4 + Cl2

A

CCl4
Halogenations
0 activation Energy

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18
Q

Alkane + NO2

A

R-NO2
Nitration
All CC and HH bonds can be broken to form the product.

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19
Q

Alkane+H2SO4

A

R-SO3H
Sulphonation
Highest C will be replaced by SO3H

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20
Q

Iso-Alkane+AlCl3/ △

A

Neo Alkane
Isomerisation

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21
Q

n-Hexane +Al2O3/△

A

Benzene
Aromatisation

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22
Q

C5H12+△

A

Alkanes less than Pentane
Pyrolysis
Strong Heating

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23
Q

RCOOAg + Br2/CCL4

A

R-Br + AgBr+Co2
Hunsdieker Reactions
In the presence of I2, esters are a major product

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24
Q

Alkynes+Pt, Ni / H2

A

Alkene, Alkane
If taken 1 equivalent of the reagent, then alkene is formed, otherwise alkane.

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25
Alkynes+ H2/Pd-BaSo4(Quonone)
Cis Alkene Lindlar's Reagent
26
Alkynes +Ni/Bh2, NiB2H2
Cis Alkene P2-catalyst
27
Alkynes+Li/Nh3, Na/Nh3
Trans Alkene
28
Benzene + Na/NH3, C2H5OH
1,4-cyclohexadiene Birch Reduction of Aromatic Compounds Stable → Unstable
29
Alkenes +HBr/CCl4
Alkyl Halide Electrophilic Addition Rate of Reactions ∝ Stability of Carbocation
30
CH3CHCH2+H2O
Ch3CHOHCH3 Addition of H2O
31
R-CN+H2O/H+
RCOOH Nucleophilic Addition
32
R-CN+LiAlH4
1 Amine Reduction
33
R-NC + LiAlH4
2 Amine
34
Alkene + HBr/ROOR
Alkane-Br Free Radical Addition
35
Alkyl Halide+ H2O/△
Alkene Unimolecular Elimination Endothermic Reaction
36
CH3CH2OH+ H2SO4/△
Alkene Dehydration of Alcohol Type of E1 elimination
37
R-COOH + NaOH/CaO
Alkane De-Carboxylation Rate of Reactions ∝ Stability of Carboanion
38
Carbonyl Compounds + Mg,Al/Hg/H20
Pinacole Pinacole Rxn 2 moles of carbonyl compounds
39
Pinacole+H2SO4(conc.)
Pinacolone Pinacole-Pinacolone Rxn
40
1 alcohol, 2 Alcohol, 3 Alcohol + Cu/300C
Aldehydes, Ketone, Alkene Oxidation of Alcohols Pyridinium Chloro Chromate is also used as an oxidising agent. 3 Alcohol does not react with this agent.
41
Semi Pinacole+HNO3
Pinacolone Semi Pinacole Pinacolone Semi Pinacole- Hydroxyl Group and a NH2
42
Alkyl Halide+Any Strong Base(Alc.KOH)
Alkene Dehydrohalogenation CAT and TAE
43
1 Alkyl Halide + Alc. KOH/△ 1 Alkyl Halide Alc. KOH(SN2)
Alkene Ether
44
Alkyl Halide + KCN
Alkyl Cyanides Dehalogenation Increase the number of carbon in the principal chain
45
Vicinal Dihalides + Zn/Heat, NaI/Acetone
Alkene Dehalogenation of Vicinal Dihalides
46
R-COOH +Ca(OH)2
Ca+2 salts of COOH acid Dry Distillation
47
Ca+2 salts of COOH acid+ △
RCOR + CaCO3 Dry Distillation
48
Alkyl Halide+ NH3/NH2R/NR3
1,2,3 Amine Hoffmann's Alkylation
49
Ester + △
Alkene+ ROOH Pyrolysis of Ether
50
Xanthate + △
Alkene + COS+SHMe Pyrolysis of Xanthate
51
Conjugate Dienes + Br2/CCl4
1,2 Addition and 1,4 addition Halogenation of conjugate dienes
52
Ch3ChCh2 + HOBr(Br2 + H2O)
Ch3chohch2br Bromine water test
53
Ch3ChCh2 + NoBr
Ch3ChBrCh2No
54
Ch3ChCh2 + Mercuric Acetate
Ch3Chohch3 Oxymercuration and Demercuration
55
Ch3ChCh2 + B2H6/H2O2
Tetra Hydro Furane Hydroboration Oxidation
56
Alkene+O3/Zn, H2O
Aldehyde and Ketone Reductive Ozonolysis
57
Alkene + O3/H2O
Carboxylic Acid and Ketone Oxidative Ozonolysis
58
Alkene+Cold Alkaline KMnO4
Syn Glycol Bayer's Reagent Test
59
Alkene+ Hot Acidified KMno4
Carboxylic Acid Bayer's Reagent Test Alkene gets converted into aldehyde in the presence of hot acidified KMnO4 and then converts into a carboxylic acid, whereas, in the presence of hot acidified KMnO4, ketones cannot easily undergo oxidation to form a carboxylic acid.
60
Aldehyde+ Hot Acidified KMno4
Carboxylic Acid Bayer's Reagent Test
61
Alkynes+HgSO4, H2SO4
Enol, Keto Hydration of Alkynes Acetylene is the only alkyne that forms aldehyde, remaining all forms ketones
62
Alkynes+HBO
Aldehydes and Ketones Hydroboration Oxidation Terminal Alkynes - Aldehydes, Internal Alkynes - Ketones
63
Free Radicals
Electron definition neutral spcies having sp2 hybridisation
64
What is the rate of halogens?
F2>Cl2>Br2>I2
65
What are the types of elimination reactions?
1,1 elimination 1,2 elimination 1,3 elimination
66
1,1 elimination
When two atoms or groups are eliminated from the same carbon atom, then it is 1,1 elimination.
67
1,2 elimination
When two atoms or groups are eliminated from adjacent carbon atoms, then it is called 1,2 elimination.
68
1, 3 elimination
When two atoms or groups are eliminated from 1st and 3rd carbon atom, then it is called 1,3 elimination.
69
What are the types of 1,2 elimination?
Unimolecular Elimination(E1) Bimolecular Elimination (E2) Unimolecular Conjugate Base Elimination(E1CB) Intra-molecule elimination(Ei)
70
Saytzeff's Product and Huffman's Product
Greater number of hydrogen and Lesser number of hydrogen
71
Types of E1CB eliminaion
Hoffmann's Alkylation
72
Types of Ei elimination
Pyrolysis of esters Pyrolysis of xanthate Cope Elimination
73
How many ways can be used to test alkynes?
1. Bayer's reagent test 2. Bromine Water Test 3. Tollen's reagent and Silver mirror test

Chemistry (16 decks)

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