Hydrocarbons

Question 1

What are crude oils

Answer 1

Oils that contain lots of hydrocarbons, and can be separated using fractional distillation, non renewable fossil fuels

Question 2

What is the use for gases?

Answer 2

Domestic heating

Question 3

What is the use for petrol

Answer 3

Fuel for cars

Question 4

What is the use for Kerosene

Answer 4

Fuel for aircrafts

Question 5

What is the use for Diesel oil

Answer 5

Fuel for trains

Question 6

What is the use for Fuel oil

Answer 6

Fuel for large ships

Question 7

What is the use for Bitumen

Answer 7

Surfacing for roads

Question 8

What is cracking

Answer 8

It is the breakdown of large hydrocarbons into small and more useful alkenes and alkanes

Question 9

What is the formula for an Alkene

Answer 9

CnH2n

Question 10

What is the formula for an Alkane

Answer 10

CnH2n+2

Question 11

How does CO2 effect rain

Answer 11

Carbon dioxide forms an acidic solution with water, Acid rain has a pH of lower than 5.2

Question 12

How do you test for water

Answer 12

Using white Anhydrous copper sulfate in a u-shaped tube, will turn a blue colour if present

Question 13

What happens when there is limited oxygen in combustion

Answer 13

Makes combustion incomplete, causing the formation of Carbon dioxide, Carbon monoxide and water

Question 14

What are the problems with incomplete combustion

Answer 14

Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas that combines with haemoglobin in red blood cells preventing oxygen converting, which can cause sickness and fainting

Question 15

What is a hydrocarbon

Answer 15

molecules that contain hydrogen and carbon only

Question 16

Why do hydrocarbons make for good fuels

Answer 16

When burned they give lots of energy

Question 17

What happens in combustion

Answer 17

A fuel reacts with oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 18

What is the order in partice size of Fractions, smallest to biggest

Answer 18

Gas, Petrol, Kerosene, Diesel, Fuel, Bitumen

Question 19

If a Fraction has larger molecules, what else will be higher/ more difficult

Answer 19

the more partciles/molecules there are the higher the boiling point and the more difficult it is to ignite

Question 20

Why is Triacontane (C30H62) further down the the fractioning column then Heptane (C7H16)

Answer 20

The further down it is collected the higher the boiling point
Triacontane has a high boiling point
Triacontane chain is longer so the intermolecular forces are stronger which means more energy is required to break the intermolecular forces
This makes Triacontane have a higher boiling point making it be collected lower

Question 21

negatives of acid rain

Answer 21

Damage to animals, land, damages lakes which can kill ecosystems, trees could die, corrosion of metals, damage to limestone buildings

Question 22

How do cars produce nitrogen oxide

Answer 22

Nitrogen reacts with oxygen and due to high temperature from combustion, nitrogen oxide is formed

Question 23

What are some advantages of using hydrogen compared to fossil fuels

Answer 23

Doesn’t produce CO2
Doesn’t produce Carbon monoxide
renewable,
Doesn’t produce soot

Question 24

What is the difference between alkanes and alkenes

Answer 24

Alkanes have a single covalent bond/ saturated
where as Alkenes have a double covalent bond/unsaturated
(More reactive, decolours bromine to make it colourless from orange) (Can be added together to make polymers)