Hydrocarbons

Question 1

Halogenation:
i)R-H+x2–uv rays—>
ii)CH4–F2—uv rays—>
iii)R-H + I2–uv rays—>
iv)RR for Cl

Answer 1

i)R-H+x2–uv rays—>R-x+ H-x
ii)CH4–F2,uv rays—>C + 4HF
iii)R-H + I2–uv rays—>R-I + HI(reversible)(oxidising agent is added)
iv)1:3.8:4.5

Question 2

Aromatisation:
1)rxn with Al2O3,Cr2O3,Mo2O3/V2O5
i)hexane—–>
ii)heptane—–>
iii)octane——->
2)rxn with Pd/C:
i)cyclohexene–Pd/c,Se,heat—>

Answer 2

Aromatisation:
1)rxn with Al2O3,Cr2O3,Mo2O3/V2O5
i)hexane—–>benzene
ii)heptane—–>toluene
iii)octane——->
2)rxn with Pd/C:
i)cyclohexene–Pd/c,Se,heat—>benzene

Question 3

Isomerisation:
1)butane—AlCl3/HCl–>
2)hexane—AlCl3/HCl—->
3)Incomplete Combustion:
i) CH4 + O2—->
4)Controlled Oxidation:
i)CH4 + O2—-Cu,523K–>
ii)CH4 + O2—Mo2O3–>
iii)CH3-CH3 + O2—Mn(CH3COO)2—>
5)Rxn with steam:
i)CH4+ H2O—>
6)with KMnO4:
I)tertiary butane + KMnO4—->

Answer 3

Isomerisation:
1)butane—AlCl3/HCl–>tertiary butane
2)hexane—AlCl3/HCl—->4-methyl pentane,3-methyl pentane
3)Incomplete Combustion:
i) CH4 + O2—->C + 2H2O
4)Controlled Oxidation:
i)CH4 + O2—-Cu,523K–>CH3OH
ii)CH4 + O2—Mo2O3–>HCHO
iii)CH3-CH3 + O2—Mn(CH3COO)2—>CH3-COOH
5)Rxn with steam:
CH4+ H2O—>CO + 3H2
6)with KMnO4:
I)tertiary butane + KMnO4—->2-methyl propan-2-ol

Question 4

Nitration:
i)CH3-CH3—HNO3—>
ii)propane–HNO3—->

Answer 4

Nitration:
i)CH3-CH3—HNO3—>CH3-CH2-NO2
ii)propane–HNO3—->nitro propane + nitro ethane + nitro methane

Question 5

Sulphonation:
1)propane—H2SO4,heat—>

Answer 5

Sulphonation:
1)propane—H2SO4,heat—>

Question 7

Catalyst for reaction:
ethyne—->CH2=CH2

Answer 7

Lindlar”s reagent:
H2,Pd/CaSO4