Hydrocarbons, alkanes and alkenes (paper 2)

Question 1

What is the functional group responsible for

Answer 1

The chemical properties

Question 2

What colour is bromine water

Answer 2

Brown-orange

Question 3

What happened when bromine water is mixed with alkenes

Answer 3

A chemical reaction turns it colourless

Question 3

What happens when bromine water is mixed with an alkane

Answer 3

It does not cause decolorisation

Question 3

Why does the bromine water test work

Answer 3

Because the carbon double bond reacts with the bromine to form a colourless product. So the bromine is removed and therefore loses its colour

Question 4

What is an addition reaction

Answer 4

A reaction in which reactants join to form one larger molecule and no other products

Question 5

What is ethanol’s formula

Answer 5

C2H5OH

Question 6

What is ethanol made up from

Answer 6

Sugars

Question 7

What must starch (a long polymer) be broken down into before being made into alcohol

Answer 7

Sugars

Question 8

What happens during germination

Answer 8

The enzymes in seeds naturally turn starch into sugars

Question 9

What is the word equation for fermentation

Answer 9

Glucose -> ethanol + co2

Question 10

What should be controlled during fermentation

Answer 10

Temperature and pH so the enzymes work properly

Question 11

Why does air need to be kept out during fermentation

Answer 11

Because it’s anaerobic respiration

Question 12

Up to what percentage of alcohol does fermentation produce

Answer 12

15% otherwise higher kills the yeast cells

Question 13

How do we obtain higher percentages of ethanol

Answer 13

By fractional distillation

Question 14

What is the boiling point of ethanol

Answer 14

78 degrees

Question 15

Why does this fractional distillation work

Answer 15

Because ethanol’s boiling point is lower than waters

Question 16

What distillate has the highest percentage

Answer 16

The first

Question 17

Organic compounds have what of a central framework

Answer 17

Carbon atoms

Question 18

What is the alcohol formula

Answer 18

CnH2n+1OH

Question 19

What are some properties of alcohols

Answer 19

Produce carbon dioxide and water during complete combustion
Can be oxidised to form carboxylic acids
React with reactive metals to form hydrogen gas

Question 20

What is the functional group of alcohols

Answer 20

The -OH group

Question 21

Name some uses of alcohols

Answer 21

Solvents for cosmetics
Medical drugs
Varnishes

Question 22

Methanol and ethanol are sources of what

Answer 22

Renewable sources of energy

Question 23

What is the formula for carboxylic acids

Answer 23

CnH2n+1COOH

Question 24

What is the functional group of carboxylic acids

Answer 24

The -COOH group

Question 25

Name some properties of carboxylic acids

Answer 25

Form solutions with a pH less than 7 React with metals to form hydrogen and a salt React with bases to form a salt and water React with carbonates to form co2, water and a salt

Question 26

What are polymers

Answer 26

A large molecule made from many small molecules called monomers

Question 27

What is polymerisation

Answer 27

The process in which monomers join together

Question 28

A polymer has a high average what

Answer 28

Relative molecular mass

Question 29

What is addition polymerisation

Answer 29

The process in which monomers join together by breaking one of the double bonds

Question 30

What’s the repeating unit

Answer 30

The ways of showing how a monomers can change and repeat

Question 31

Name a synthetic polymer

Answer 31

Polythene

Question 32

Name two naturally occurring polymers

Answer 32

DNA, starch and proteins

Question 33

What monomers is dna made from

Answer 33

Nucleotides

Question 34

What monomers are proteins and starch made up of

Answer 34

Starch - sugar | Proteins - amino acids

Question 35

What are the properties and uses of polythene

Answer 35

Flexible, cheap, good insulators | Plastic bags, cling film

Question 36

What are the properties and uses of polypropylene

Answer 36

Flexible, does not shatter | Buckets, bowls, crates

Question 37

What are the properties and uses of polyvinyl chloride

Answer 37

Tough, good insulator | Window frames, gutters and pipes

Question 38

What are the properties and uses of polytetrafluoroethene

Answer 38

Tough, slippery | Non stick frying pans, kitchen utensils

Question 39

What are many plastics made up of

Answer 39

Polyesters

Question 40

How are polyesters made

Answer 40

By condensation polymerisation

Question 41

What is condensation polymerisation

Answer 41

When monomers join together by breaking a double bond, then eliminating a small molecule such as water

Question 42

What is the esters functional group

Answer 42

-COO-

Question 43

How is -COO- drawn

Answer 43

With the two oxygens bonding to the carbon but one with a double bond

Question 44

When are esters formed

Answer 44

When a carboxylic acids reacts with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst

Question 45

What is a polyester

Answer 45

A long chain molecule with many ester links

Question 46

On an Ester, where do the two functional group have to be

Answer 46

At the ends of the molecule

Question 47

Name another type of condensation polymer

Answer 47

Polyamides

Question 48

What is polyester used for

Answer 48

Clothes

Question 49

What does it mean if a material is biodegradable

Answer 49

It will rot because microbes can feed on them

Question 50

How is some waste disposed of

Answer 50

Incinerated and turned into energy

Question 51

What do all plastic produce

Answer 51

Carbon dioxide

Question 52

How can we reduce the amount of waste

Answer 52

By reusing bags or recycling

Question 53

What will recycling help preserve

Answer 53

The source of oil