Hydrology

Question 0

Define nonpoint-source pollution

Answer 0

Examples include: Land runoff, rainfall, deposition, and drainage. It’s the non-direct form of pollution and is carried through the water cycle

Question 1

Where is most of earths fresh water located?

Answer 1

Solidified at the north and south poles

Question 2

Define stream load

Answer 2

All of the sediment carried by a river

Question 3

Define aquifer

Answer 3

Any body of rock through which water can flow and can store enough water for domestic and industrial use

Question 4

Define porosity

Answer 4

The total volume of the open spaces or pores in a rock

Question 5

Define well sorted

Answer 5

When all the particles in a sediment are about the same size

Question 6

Define permeability

Answer 6

The ease with which water can pass through a rock or sediment

Question 7

Define zone of saturation

Answer 7

The underground layer of rock where all of the open spaces are filled with water

Question 8

Define water table

Answer 8

The upper surface of the zone of saturation

Question 9

Define spring

Answer 9

A natural flow of groundwater that has reached the surface

Question 10

Define chemical weathering

Answer 10

Rock is broken down due to chemical reaction

Question 11

Explain a young river

Answer 11

Has the fastest velocity, v-shaped, narrow or straight, has rapids, and has lots of erosion.

Question 12

Explain a mature river

Answer 12

Fast to medium velocity, u-shaped, less erosion then a young river, smooth riverbed, slower than young.

Question 13

Explain an old river

Answer 13

Slowest velocity, u-shaped with meanders and oxbow lakes, little erosion.

Question 14

Define cave

Answer 14

Large underground cave due to carbonization of limestone

Question 15

Define sinkhole

Answer 15

When a cavern collapses because te water table has dropped

Question 16

Define geyser

Answer 16

Underground pressure and the water erupts

Question 17

Where is fresh water found

Answer 17

Lakes, rivers, glaciers, and groundwater.

Question 18

Create a list for the uses of water

Answer 18

Lawns, pools, hygiene, cooling tanks, energy or power, crop irrigation, living stock production

Question 19

List in order the layers of soil

Answer 19

Humus, topsoil, subsoil, and bedrock

Question 20

What are the inputs of the water budget

Answer 20

Precipitation and absorption

Question 21

What are the outputs of the water budget

Answer 21

Runoffs, humans, plants, and animals, evaporation, and movement.

Question 22

Define recharge zones

Answer 22

Areas where water moves below surface to aquifer.

Question 23

What are the five types of chemical weathering

Answer 23

Carbonation, oxidation, plants acids (from roots), hydrolysis of minerals, and acidic rain ( a lot on east coast)

Question 24

Name the three types of physical weathering

Answer 24

Exfoliation, ice wedging, an abrasion

Question 25

Define leaching

Answer 25

Water carries the dissolved minerals to lower levels of rock

Question 26

How is acid rain created

Answer 26

Waste gases are released into air and combine with water in the atmosphere

Question 27

Define erosion

Answer 27

Products of weathering are transported by gravity, wind, glaciers or water

Question 28

What are the four practices that farmers can do to prevent erosion

Answer 28

Terracing, contour plowing, strip-cropping, crop rotation

Question 29

What are the four things that can trigger landslides

Answer 29

Heavy rainfall, spring thaws, volcanic eruptions, and earthquakes.

Question 30

Define travertine

Answer 30

A form of water deposited calcite

Question 31

Define karst topography

Answer 31

Regions where the effects of the chemical weathering die to groin water are clearly visible at the surface

Question 32

Define groundwater

Answer 32

Water stored beneath earths surface in sediment and rock formations

Question 33

Explain an ordinary well

Answer 33

It source of water is from the ground, it's found in highly permeable rock below the water table and there's pumping involved

Question 34

Explain an artesian well

Answer 34

Flows freely with no pumping

Question 35

Define rejuvenated river

Answer 35

A river whose gradient or slope has become steeper

Question 36

Define natural levees

Answer 36

Raised banks

Question 37

Define tributaries

Answer 37

Feeder streams that flow into a main stream In a river system

Question 38

Define watershed

Answer 38

Drainage basin that water runs off into

Question 39

Define head-ward erosion

Answer 39

The process of lengthening and branching of a stream

Question 40

Define topography

Answer 40

A region on earths surface in which landforms have a common origin.

Question 41

Define relief

Answer 41

Change in elevation

Question 42

Explain mountains

Answer 42

Greatest reliefs, high peaks, steep valleys, usually metamorphic, not horizontal layers

Question 43

Explain plateaus

Answer 43

Medium relief, stream valleys, flat bedrock stricter, usually sedimentary

Question 44

Explain plains

Answer 44

Little relief, low elevation, flat