Hydrolysis of haloalkanes

Question 1

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 1

A chemical reaction involving water or OH(aq) that causes the breaking of a bond in a molecule

Question 2

What is the equation for hydrolysis?

Answer 2

Haloalkane + water -> alcohol + hydrogen halide

Question 3

What is the reagent for forming an alcohol from a haloalkane?

Answer 3

Aqueous NaOH

Question 4

What is the condition for forming an alcohol from a haloalkane?

Answer 4

Heat under reflux

Question 5

What is reflux?

Answer 5

The continual boiling and condensing back to the original container to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents of the flask boiling away

Question 6

What is the diagram for hydrolysis?

Answer 6

Round bottom flask with heat arrow below and anti-bumping granules in reaction mixture. This is connected to a condenser held by a clamp with water in at the bottom and water out at the top

Question 7

What kind of reaction is hydrolysis of haloalkanes?

Answer 7

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 8

What is the order of reactivity of haloalkanes?

Answer 8

Iodo > bromo > chloro (fastest to slowest)

Question 9

Why is a hot water bath needed?

Answer 9

To speed up the rate of the reaction

Question 10

What is the purpose of ethanol in this reaction?

Answer 10

It acts as a co-solvent due to both water and the haloalkane dissolving so reactants can mix to increase rate of reaction

Question 11

What are the 2 uses of silver nitrate in this experiment?

Answer 11

The aqueous solution provides the water as the reactant from the reaction and silver ions react to form precipitate to see reaction