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Hydrotherapy Flashcards

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1
Q

Hydrotherapy

A

the use of water in any of its three forms: liquid, solid or vapor, internally or externally, in the prevention, treatment or healing of any ailment or disease

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2
Q

Know and understand all the indications of your treatments

A

Yes

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3
Q

Know and understand all the contraindications and precautions of your treatments

A

Yes

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4
Q

Maintain detailed records of your patients treatment and review these records before…

A

Every treatment

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5
Q

When should you take the time to fully explain the hydrotherapy procedure to your patient

A

Before the treatment starts

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6
Q

Clarity =

A

Safety

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7
Q

Monitor your patient closely and comfort at all times

A

Yes

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8
Q

Your patient must be thoroughly and evenly warm before any treatment begins. Never…

A

Cold on cold patient

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9
Q

What should you do if your patient is chilled by the treatment (i.e goose flesh, feels chilly)

A

Stop treatment immediately and warm your patient

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10
Q

After warm/hot treatments, it’s should be followed by

A

A rest period

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11
Q

After cool/cold treatments, it should be followed by

A

Light, monitored exercise

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12
Q

Circadian rhythm heating phase

A

3am - 3pm

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13
Q

Circadian rhythm cooling phase

A

3pm - 3am

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14
Q

Intense treatments are best done in

A

The morning

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15
Q

Medium treatments are best done in

A

The afternoon

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16
Q

Light treatments are best done in

A

The evening

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17
Q

The heat application should be bigger and longer than

A

The cold

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18
Q

Always end with

A

Cold

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19
Q

In contrast treatments there should be a minimum of ______ in temperature

A

10 degree difference

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20
Q

Uses

A

• Relieve pain and discomfort (ie. analgesic)
• First aid (PRICE in sports or acute injuries)
• Pre-heat for massage or exercise
• Promote relaxation and reduction of stress
• Increase circulation to skin, extremities and joints
• Stimulate immune system
• An exercise environment (pool exercises assist in increasing joint ROM)
• Increase joint ROM (eg. using paraffin wax in the treatment of non
acute arthritis)

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21
Q

Indications

A

• Pain and inflammation
• Sports injuries, overuse injuries, repetitive strain injuries
• Stress
• Insomnia
• Decreased ROM
• Patients that are weak, bedridden or unable to support their weight (eg.
wheelchair, rehab)
• Hypertoned muscles
• Arthritis (not in acute/flared up stage, no extremes of temperature)
• Decreased circulation, poor or sluggish circulation

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22
Q

Physiological Effects of water

A

• Thermal
• Mechanical
• Chemical

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23
Q

Thermal

A

Using temperatures above or below the normal human body temperature

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24
Q

Mechanical

A

Friction to the skin (ex. Salt glow)
Strike to the skin (ex. Jets in a hot tub)

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25
Chemical
- Dissolve substance in water applied to skin (ex. Compress or poultice) -absorbed (ex. Epsom salt bath) -Inhaled (ex. Steam with eucalyptus***)
26
Classification of hydrotherapy
Constitutional Regional Local
27
Constitutional
treats whole person/body (eg. Fullbath, steam, IRS)
28
Regional
treats a section/part of body (eg. CAB, CFB, abdominal wash)
29
Local
treats a small area/part of body (eg. ice massage, heat pack)
30
Precautions to hydrotherapy
Cold Heat Hydrostatic pressure
31
Cold precaution
avoid further injury, such as returning to vigorous activity after ice or cryotherapy, avoid application of ice over bony areas and superficial nerves
32
Heat precaution
Monitor your patient’s reactions, the medical condition of the patient (ie. Multiple Sclerosis) to tolerate heat, and the ability to generate sweat must be considered
33
Hydrostatic pressure precaution
This pressure is exerted to the venous system from immersion of the body in water. Hydrostatic pressure increases with water depth. Monitor patient reactions and the medical condition of the patient. (eg. patients with a cardiovascular condition, pregnancy, arteriosclerosis)
34
Cold contraindications
• Very high/low blood pressure • Pleurisy (inflammation of pleura, tissue around lungs, tissue is fragile) • Raynaud’s disease in flared up stage (impaired ability for blood vessels to constrict & relax) • Hypersensitivity to cold (a negative reaction is hives, or increased pain) • Peripheral neuropathy (lack of or diminished sensation in the extremities, caution with diabetes) • Previous history of frostbite to the area • Sinusitis (tissues are already constricted due to nasal congestion) • NEVER cold on a chilled/cold patient
35
Heat contraindications
•Very high/low blood pressure •Circulatory dysfunction (hemophilia, varicose veins, numbness, severe diabetes, kidney disease) •Infections (open wounds, burns, sores) •Cancer (unless palliative care and/or MD approved) •Tuberculosis (fragile lung tissue) •Acute inflammation, high fever •Medications (any medication that impairs sensation, pain relievers, blood thinners, corticosteroids)
36
General negative reactions to heat and cold
the result is unexpected, unusual and abnormal
37
Negative reactions to heat and cold may appear in the following situations
• Too cold, too long • Too hot, too long • Extreme contrast treatments • Patient cold before treatment started • Weak or fatigued patient • Too intense of a treatment • Low blood sugar
38
Negative reactions to heat and cold signs and symptoms
• Dizziness • Headaches • Heart palpitations • Nausea • Light headed • Fainting • Shivering • Skin sensitivity • Insomnia
39
__ mins hot __secs cold X __
3 30 3
40
Treatment protocol in case of a negative reaction
1. Stop the treatment 2. If the patient is pale – have patient lie down, recovery position, raise feet 3. If the patient is stuffy – have patient sit upright, try using semi-fowlers 4. Reassure and stay with the patient, have patient take slow deep breaths 5. If in clinic, inform the clinic instructor 6. Document results
41
4 main types of negative reactions to heat or cold
1. Arterial 2. Venous 3. Paradox 4. Combined
42
Arterial
appears after exposure to extended cold, after abrupt contrast, or intense heat
43
Arterial signs
Red-white spotting of the skin Patient’s arm will hurt
44
Arterial causes
• Extended intense cold (too cold, too long) • Intense heat • Abrupt contrasts (ie) kamikaze contrasts
45
Arterial treatment
• Stop the treatment • Gently dry off affected area • A carefully dosed warm application (increasing temperature foot or arm bath). • Rest patient, stay with the patient • If in clinic inform clinic instructor • Document reaction
46
Venous
Appear after exposure to extended heat
47
Venous signs
Blue-red spotting of the skin
48
Venous causes
extended heat (too hot, too long)
49
Venous treatment
• Stop the treatment • Dry off • Active exercises • Raise the affected area (get blood back to heart) stay with the patient • If in clinic inform clinic Instructor • Document reaction
50
Paradox reaction
Response opposite of what should occur
51
Combined reaction
Two extremes of temperature variations
52
Combined reaction signs
Red-blue skin discoloration
53
Combined reaction causes
• Due to extreme temperature in alternating applications • Can also occur when the patient is exhausted
54
Combined reaction treatment
treatment for the corresponding conditions should be used
55
Properties of water
Buoyancy Hydrostatic pressure Water resistance Specific heat Latent heat of fusion Heat conductivity Chemical properties Electrical properties Portability
56
Buoyancy
Helps to make us float
57
Hydrostatic pressure
Pressure that is caused by a mass of fluid that is exerted on body when immersed in water
58
Specific heat
The capacity of a substance to store heat
59
Latent heat of fusion
Heat liberated or absorbed by substance as it changes phase
60
Heat conductivity
Heat is the total kinetic energy of an object. Heat can be transferred to other materials through convection, conduction, evaporation, radiation
61
Chemical properties
Properties that change the characteristics of water
62
Normal body temp is
37 degrees
63
Methods of heat transfer
Conduction Convection Conversion/radiation Evaporation
64
Conduction
The exchange of thermal energy between two bodies where there is direct physical contact
65
Convection
The transfer of heat by moving currents, in a liquid or a gas
66
Conversion/radiation
Conversion of heat into electromagnetic waves
67
Evaporation
Convection of liquid into vapour
68
The local effect of heat on the body is determined by the following
Frequency Intensity Duration Surface area
69
Frequency
The rate at which the energy is being added to the tissue
70
Intensity
The extent of the temperature rise
71
Duration
The length of time of exposure
72
Surface area
The volume of tissue exposed
73
Physiological local changes that occur as the result of the application of heat
Vasodilation of vessels Increase in local blood flow Increased collagen extensibility Increased local tissue metabolism Nerve simulation Affects muscle spindles
74
Disadvantages of heat
May cause swelling Can burn tissues if not carefully monitored
75
Local effect of cold upon the body is determined by
Frequency Intensity Duration Surface area
76
Physiological local changes that result in the application of cold
Local vasoconstriction of vessels Counterirritant effects Metabolic changes Analgesic Control of inflammatory process Decrease muscle spasm
77
Disadvantages of cold
• May increase stiffness and decrease tissue extensibility • Patient may develop hives • May cause burns if not properly monitored
78
Reflex effects of heat and cold
effects that occur elsewhere in the body via the nervous system when a sufficient or intense heat or cold stimulus is applied to a local area
79
Vasomotor or circulatory
Circulatory changes from contraction of smooth muscle in walls or blood vessels
80
Visceromotor or muscular
Changes in the smooth muscles of organs causes movement in a organ
81
Secretory or glandular
Glandular stimulation increased eliminated mucous, hormones, enzymes
82
Acute inflammation timeline
0 - 4 days
83
Acute inflammation should always be treated with
Cold
84
Sub-acute inflammation timeline
3 days - 6 weeks
85
Sub-acute inflammation should be treated with
Contrast
86
Chronic inflammation timeline
6 weeks - years
87
Chronic inflammation should be treated with
Heat

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