Hygiene

Question 1

hygiene

Answer 1

conditions or practices (as of cleanliness) conducive to health

Question 2

skin is the body’s largest ____

Answer 2

organ

Question 3

the skin and mucosal cells are essential to the _____ of the body

Answer 3

health

Question 4

skin function

Answer 4

• protection
• secretion
• excretion
• temperature regulation
• sensation

Question 5

epidermis

Answer 5

several thin layers of epithelial cells comprise the epidermis
- these cells shield the underlying tissue

Question 6

dermis

Answer 6

• supports the epidermis
  contains:
• collagen
• nerve fibers
• blood vessels
• glands
• hair follicles

Question 7

sweat glands (a part of glands in the dermis)

Answer 7

• protect the skin from being too dry
• cool the body

Question 8

sebaceous glands (a part of glands in the dermis)

Answer 8

secrete sebum, an oily odorous fluid, into the hair follicles
- softens/lubricates the skin
- slows water loss from the skin
- bactericidal action

Question 9

subcutaneous tissue

Answer 9

• nerves, blood vessels, lymph, and connective tissue filled with fat cells
• fat insulates the body
• cushions the upper layers
• loosely secures the skin to underlying structures

Question 10

normal nail

Answer 10

• transparent, smooth, and convex
• pink nail bed
• translucent white tip

Question 11

condition of a patient’s hands and feet

Answer 11

affects ability to perform hygiene care

Question 12

special attention to the hands and feet is needed to prevent

Answer 12

infection, injury and odor

Question 13

the oral cavity

Answer 13

• mucous membranes line the mouth
• normal mucosa is a sign of health
• normal mucosa: light pink, soft, moist, smooth, no lesions

Question 14

abnormalities in the mouth

Answer 14

evaluate the mouth for abnormalities:
- xerostomia: dry mouth
- gingivitis: inflammation of the gums
- dental caries: tooth decay
medications, exposure to radiation, and mouth breathing can impair salivary secretions

Question 15

hair

Answer 15

reflection of general health status
- growth
- distribution
- pattern

Question 16

eyes, ears and nose

Answer 16

sensitive sensory tissues
- prevent injury and discomfort
- ex: avoid getting soap in a patient’s eye

Question 17

good hygiene practices

Answer 17

• support the function and stability of the skin, mucosa, and other structures
• promote a positive self-image
• provide comfort

Question 18

good hygiene practices support the ____ and stability of the skin, mucosa, and other structures

Answer 18

function

Question 19

communication skills ____ the therapeutic relationship

Answer 19

promote

Question 20

hygiene activities provide opportunities for assessment

Answer 20

• physical condition
• emotional status
• health promotion practices
• health care education needs

Question 21

follow the patient’s social practices

Answer 21

by using what products they want to use and following the frequency that they want to bathe
- types of products
- frequency

Question 22

the patient’s socioeconomic status

Answer 22

affects the patient’s ability to maintain hygiene

Question 23

following the patient’s personal preferences

Answer 23

fosters individualized care
ex: providing gender congruent care when they want it

Question 24

the patient’s health beliefs and motivations

Answer 24

may help or hinder
ex: may only want a family member to see them that way in which that family member can do the hygiene care

Question 25

these things will affect how you do hygiene

Answer 25

- social practices: types of products, frequency - socioeconomic status: affects the patient's ability to maintain hygiene - personal preferences: fosters individualized care - health beliefs and motivations: may help or hinder - developmental stage: changes through the progression of life, patients with special needs - physical condition: various illnesses and injuries (effect on the patient's ability to perform independent self-care) and body image

Question 26

nursing actions

Answer 26

- utilize knowledge - consider the patient's culture and developmental stage - be nonjudgemental - think outside the box - implement professional standards (ex: American Diabetes Association, National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel) - maintain confidence

Question 27

process

Answer 27

- communicate with the patient: verify that the patient is agreeable to the timing and results of hygiene - determine how to provide hygiene: adapt procedure to accommodate patient's faculties and resources - honor a patient's requests for their hygiene routines - prepare the patient to assist as much as they physically can - encourage independence: allow the patient to perform as many activities as possible - provide privacy: shut the door, close curtains - maintain warmth: warm room temperature, keep body parts covered if not being bathed

Question 28

safety

Answer 28

- keep bed rails up: when the patient is alone, on the side opposite the caregiver - test the temperature of bathing solution or bath cloths before using - practice proper body mechanics

Question 29

summary of bath guidelines

Answer 29

- provide privacy - maintain safety - maintain warmth - promote independence - anticipate needs: ask if they're in pain or nauseous before starting bed bath, so you can refrain or get pain meds and do a little later

Question 30

benefits of bathing

Answer 30

- removes perspiration, dirt and bacteria - helps prevent skin problems - refreshes patient - comfort - stimulates circulation / provides passive exercise - opportunity for communication and physical assessment

Question 31

baths

Answer 31

- shower: if patient is weak use shower chair - partial or assisted bath - sponge bath at the sink: bathe only those areas the patient cannot reach - complete bed bath - tub bath: immersion in a tub, often utilized in long-term care facilites - bag bath: several warmed disposable cloths moistened with a no rinse solution - therapeutic: Sitz - perineal and anal areas for treatment and comfort

Question 32

perineal care

Answer 32

importance: prevent skin breakdown risk factors: - urinary and fecal incontinence - rectal and perineal surgical dressings - indwelling urinary catheters - morbid obesity encourage patients to perform own care gender-congruent caregiver when possible

Question 33

soap and water vs. Chlorhexidine Gluconate (CHG)

Answer 33

bath basins with soap and water - reservoir for bacteria - possible source of transmission of hospital-acquired infections CHG and water: less bacterial growth in basins CHG impregnated bathing cloths: disposable, no balms

Question 34

other actions in the patient's room

Answer 34

- clean up clutter - maintain comfort: temperature, noise, lighting, ventilation, odors - keep the over-the-bed table clean, do not set urinals or bedpans on it

Question 35

changing sheets

Answer 35

- if the linens are not soiled, they do not have to be changed daily - soiled linens should be changed as often as needed - ambulatory patients: bed changes can be done while they are showering or using the bathroom - bedridden patients: occupied bed making procedure

Question 36

keep in mind to

Answer 36

- if possible, honor the patient's requests - medicate the patient for discomfort and allow time for effectiveness - maintain physical safety: use side rails - utilize proper body mechanics: raise the bed to a comfortable working height - provide privacy: shut the door, close the curtains - preserve the patient's modesty - during a patient's bath, cover the clean areas after patting them dry - keep the patient warm: room temperature and keeping the patient covered - change gloves, using hand hygiene, especially after perineal, buttocks, and anal care