Hyperglycemia

Question 1

Increased serum glucose concentration value:

Answer 1

> 90 mg/dL

Question 2

This can lead to impaired insulin production due to toxicity to beta cell

Answer 2

Chronic hyperglycemia

Question 3

General Laboratory findings in Hyperglycemia: (5)

Answer 3

Increased urine and serum glucose
Increased urine specific gravity
Ketones in urine and serum (DM Type I)
Decreased blood and urine pH (acidosis)
Electrolyte imbalance (↓Na+, ↑K+, ↓HCO3)

Question 4

A group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin receptors or both.

Answer 4

Diabetes mellitus

Question 5

FBS level to confirm DM

Answer 5

≥ 126 mg/dL on more than one testing

Question 6

Renal threshold for glucose

Answer 6

160-180 mg/dL

Question 7

Normal Ratio of Ketones (Β-hydroxybutyrate to Acetoacetate):

Answer 7

1:1

Question 8

Ratio of ketones in severe DM

Answer 8

6:1

Question 9

How is ketosis reversed?

Answer 9

Insulin administration

Question 10

General signs and symptoms of DM: (7)

Answer 10

Polyuria
Polydipsia
Polyphagia
Rapid weight loss
Hyperventilation
Mental confusion
Possible loss of consciousness