Hyperkalaemia

Question 1

Mr Green is a 72 year old male, found collapsed at home on the floor of his room. Incontinent. Significant pain in right hip.

What does the ECG show

Answer 1

• Tall tented T waves
• Prolonged PR interval
• Widening of the QRS complex
• ST segment depression

Suggesting hyperkalaemia

Question 2

He is given 10% calcium gluconate. How does this work?

Answer 2

Stabilizes the myocardium. Equalises ions across the membrane so you don’t go into arrhythmias.

Question 3

Which part of the nephron is responsible for potassium control?

Answer 3

Primarily regulated by the distal tubules and the collecting ducts

Question 4

Explain Mr Green’s blood test results

Answer 4

Sodium= low due to dehydration
Potassium= high, breakdown of muscle tissue, AKI
Urea= waste product from breakdown of proteins
Creatinine= increased due to breakdown of muscle metabolism