Hyperkalaemia Flashcards
(19 cards)
What does hyperkalaemia refer to?
A raised serum potassium
Hyperkalaemia can lead to serious complications, particularly cardiac arrhythmias.
What is the normal serum potassium level range?
3.5 – 5.3 mmol/L
This range indicates normal potassium levels in the bloodstream.
Define mild hyperkalaemia in terms of serum potassium level.
5.4 – 6 mmol/L
What serum potassium level indicates moderate hyperkalaemia?
6 – 6.5 mmol/L
What serum potassium level constitutes severe hyperkalaemia?
Over 6.5 mmol/L
List three conditions that can cause hyperkalaemia.
- Acute kidney injury
- Chronic kidney disease (stage 4 or 5)
- Rhabdomyolysis
Name two medications that can lead to hyperkalaemia.
- Aldosterone antagonists (e.g., spironolactone)
- ACE inhibitors (e.g., ramipril)
What is pseudohyperkalaemia?
A falsely elevated potassium level due to haemolysis during sampling
Haemolysis can occur during blood sample collection, impacting test results.
What are two ECG changes associated with hyperkalaemia?
- Tall peaked T-waves
- Prolonged PR interval
What is the primary management approach for hyperkalaemia with serum potassium below 6.5 mmol/L?
Address the underlying cause, such as treating acute kidney injury.
When do patients require urgent treatment for hyperkalaemia?
If they have either ECG changes or serum potassium above 6.5 mmol/L
What is the mainstay treatment for hyperkalaemia?
Insulin and dextrose infusion and IV calcium gluconate
How does insulin help in managing hyperkalaemia?
Drives potassium from the extracellular space to the intracellular space.
Why is dextrose administered with insulin in hyperkalaemia treatment?
To prevent hypoglycaemia while on insulin.
What role does calcium gluconate play in hyperkalaemia management?
Stabilises cardiac muscle cells and reduces risk of arrhythmias.
What is one alternative treatment option for lowering serum potassium?
Nebulised salbutamol
Fill in the blank: Oral calcium resonium reduces potassium absorption in the _______.
GI tract
What is a potential side effect of oral calcium resonium?
Constipation
When might haemodialysis be required in hyperkalaemia cases?
In severe or persistent cases.
