Hypersensitivity

Question 1

Hypersensitivity

Answer 1

Altered immunological status to antigen and results in damage/disease

Question 2

Hypersensitive reaction includes:

Answer 2

Allergy, Autoimmunity, and Alloimmunity

Question 3

Familial Autoimmune disease

Answer 3

Major histocompatibility complex genes
Family member can have different affects

Question 4

Alloimmunity

Answer 4

• Human to human
• immune system attacks self or things given from another human
• transplant, neonatal disease (maternal immune system, blood transfusion reaction)

Question 5

Type 1 Hypersensitivity

Answer 5

Immediate
IgE
Mast cells

Question 6

Most dangerous Type 1 hypersensitivity action

Answer 6

Anaphylactic

Question 7

Local type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 7

Rash
itching
erythema

Question 8

Systemic type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 8

Wheezing

Question 9

Hay Fever (allergic rhinitis)

Answer 9

Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction
Mast cell degranulation

Question 10

Treatment of type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 10

Antihistamines/epi

Question 11

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 11

Immediate
IgG/IgM
Macrophages

Question 12

Cytotoxic/organ specific

Answer 12

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Question 13

Graves disease

Answer 13

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Question 14

Drug allergies

Answer 14

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Question 15

Transfusion reaction

Answer 15

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Question 16

What hypersensitivity reaction is tissue specific

Answer 16

Type II hypersensitivity reaction

Question 17

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

Answer 17

Immediate
IgG/IgM
Neutrophils

Question 18

Serum Sickness

Answer 18

Type III hypersensitivity reaction
Amoxicillin treatment causes reaction forming immune complexes on vascular endothelium causing vasculitis and tissue injury

Question 19

Not organ specific/widespread

Answer 19

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

Question 20

Autoimmune diseases

Answer 20

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

Question 21

Lupus

Answer 21

Type III hypersensitivity reaction and II

Question 22

Gluten allergy

Answer 22

Type III hypersensitivity reaction

Question 23

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction

Answer 23

Not Humoral
delayed reaction
T-cell mediated

Question 24

poison ivy

Answer 24

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction

Question 25

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 25

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction

Question 26

Contact Dermatitis

Answer 26

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction

Question 27

Type IV hypersensitivity Reaction Rash

Answer 27

Does not involve mast cells and H1 receptors only on the site of contact antihistamines don't work

Question 28

Primary Immunodeficiency

Answer 28

Result of a sing gene defect less common antibody deficiency T or B cell

Question 29

SCID

Answer 29

Hallmark is recurrent infection Primary Immunodeficiency

Question 30

Digeorge

Answer 30

Primary Immunodeficiency

Question 31

Job syndrome, Familial Mediterranean fever, complement deficiencies

Answer 31

Primary Immunodeficiency

Question 32

Secondary Immunodeficiency

Answer 32

External cause (virus, exposure, environment)

Question 33

Most common Secondary Immunodeficiency in the world

Answer 33

Malnutrition

Question 34

Pneumocystis Carinii, HIV, pneumonia, cancer, sinus infection. graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)

Answer 34

Secondary Immunodeficiency

Question 35

Cancer

Answer 35

Secondary Immunodeficiency Begin as a since cell Multiple independent DNA mutations

Question 36

Carcinoma

Answer 36

90% Epithelial cells and organ surfaces

Question 37

Adenocarcinoma

Answer 37

ductal or glandular

Question 38

Sarcoma

Answer 38

2% Connective tissue

Question 39

Cancer stages

Answer 39

1 - in situ (no Mets) 2 local invasions 3spread to regional structures 4 distant mets

Question 40

TMN rating system (0-3)

Answer 40

T- primary tumor N- lymph node involvement M- extent of mets

Question 41

Gene Amplification

Answer 41

factors that cause cells to differentiate to cancer

Question 42

HER 2

Answer 42

(human epithelial growth factor 2) breast CA

Question 43

N-MYC

Answer 43

(normal cell growth amplifiers) neuroblastoma

Question 44

Causes of Gene Amplification

Answer 44

15- 20 % of all cancer is causes by virus (hep B & C, EBV, Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus, human T-cell leukemia lymphoma virus, HPV)

Question 45

Causes of Gene Amplification

Answer 45

Chemical or radiation Chronic inflammation Heredity (BRACA gene)

Question 46

Carcinogenesis

Answer 46

initiation, progression and promotion theory

Question 47

Stop Cancer

Answer 47

Good nutrition = promotes DNA repair Lessen exposure Immune system - reject tumor antigens

Question 48

PSA, CEA, Alfa fetoprotein, HPV

Answer 48

Tumor specific antigens that can make susceptible to developing Ca

Question 49

Lupus

Answer 49

autoimmune disorders - T-cells act against DNA Type II hypersensitivity Malar Rash on face Arthralgias or arthritis Neuro or renal symptoms

Question 50

caused by prolonged use of medications like hydralazine or procainamide

Answer 50

Lupus

Question 51

Treatment of Lupus

Answer 51

IVIG/NSAIDS/Corticosteroids/immunosuppressants/ antimalaria

Question 52

Sjogren's Syndrome

Answer 52

- Inflammation in salivary and lacrimal glands T-cells act against apoptotic cells.

Question 53

RA

Answer 53

-Autoantibodies and auto-reactive T-cells and B-cells against joint-associated antigens

Question 54

Autoantibodies and auto-reactive T-cells against brain antigens

Answer 54

MS

Question 55

Which cells are considered the “first responders” of the innate immune system

Answer 55

Neutophils

Question 56

what assessment findings would be expected in a patient who presents with urticaria

Answer 56

Eosinophilia