Hypersensitivity disorders

Question 1

d: hypersensitivity disorders

Answer 1

Immune response that results in bystander damage to the self

Question 2

Describe type 1 hypersensitivity + eg

Answer 2

immediate hypersensitivity

allergy

Question 3

describe type 2 hypersensitivity + eg

Answer 3

direct effects on the cell

cell surface antigens, goodpastures syndrome

Question 4

describe type 3 hypersensitivity + eg

Answer 4

immune complex mediated
soluble antigens
extrinsic allergic alveolitis

Question 5

describe type 4 hypersensitivity + eg

Answer 5

delayed type hypersensitivity

Allergic contact dermatitis

Question 6

d:allergy

Answer 6

IgE-mediated antibody response to external antigen (allergen)

Question 7

name some type 1 hypersensitivity conditions

Answer 7

asthma, hayfever, allergic rhinitis etc

Question 8

d: urticaria

Answer 8

hives

Question 9

name two signs of spontaneous mast cell degranulation

Answer 9

physical urticaria

aspirin-induced asthma

Question 10

what is one believed cause of hypersensitivity reactions?

Answer 10

immune system not developing properly as too clean as a child

Question 11

What IL’s do Th2 cells produce and what do they do?

Answer 11

IL-4,13,5

co-ordinately regulate the allergic response by

Question 12

how do Th2 regulate the allergic response?

Answer 12

regulating the synthesis and secretion of IgE antibodies by plasma cells
stimulating the differentiation and egress of eosinophils from the bone marrow into the blood
helping to activate mast cells and eosinophils at sites of allergen exposure

Question 13

once the pro-inflammatory mediators are released, what then happens in the inflammatory cascade?

Answer 13

Muscle spasm
Mucosal inflammation
Inflammatory cell infiltrate

Question 14

name the clinical features of allergic disease

Answer 14

Asthma
Urticaria
Angioedema
Allergic rhinitis (hayfever)
Allergic conjunctivitis
Diarrhoea and vomiting
Anaphylaxis

Question 15

What do type 2 hypersensitivity reactions involve?

Answer 15

involve IgM or IgG antibodies to cell surface (or extracellular-matrix) antigens

Question 16

name the pathophysiological mechanisms that cause type 2

Answer 16

Immunological mechanisms:
complement system activation
opsonisation and phagocytosis

Question 17

D: Goodpasture’s Syndrome

Answer 17

An autoimmune disease that affects the lungs and kidneys
in lungs - haemorrhage

the presence of autoreactive antibodies to the α3 chain of type IV collagen present in the basement membranes of alveoli and glomeruli

Question 18

treatment of Goodpasture’s syndrome?

Answer 18

Corticosteroids, Cyclophosphamide
Plasmapheresis
Stop smoking!

Question 19

Name some type 3 hypersensitivity reactions included in acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

Answer 19

farmer’s lung
bird fanciers lung
cheese workers lung etc

Question 20

symptoms of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 20

wheeze
dyspnoea
malaise
pyrexia

Question 21

how are type 3 hypersensitivity reactions managed?

Answer 21

avoidance
corticosteroids
immunosuppression

Question 22

What do normal adaptive immune responses, leading to the production of IgG/M antibodies target?

Answer 22

self anigens-autoimmune disease
Cross-reactive antigens ( autoimmune diseases)
‘Foreign’ antigens ( blood-transfusion reactions)
Penicillin ( haemolytic anaemia)