Hypersentivity Reactions And Disorders Flashcards
Type 1 What are the clinical manifestations ? Is there any systemic or local reactions?Physiological attributes? What are some causes?
A bee or a an insect sting can trigger this, a drug such as penicillin or foods such as nut allergies. This can then cause a systemic or anaphylactic reaction , but possibly a local one a well. Anaphylactic is when it goes to severe and then there is local or atopic ones known as (URAB) Uratitis (hives),Rhinitis (hay fever) and then Atopic dermatitis, eczemaema, bronchiole asthma,
physiology, this is an over exaggerated or excessive inappropriate reaction of an Ab to Ag reaction but is predominantly related to IgE . hence what happens is that BMT, basophils, mast cells and helper T cells then come
What is anaphylaxis?
There are 5 stages: immune mediators come to release causing an medical emergency,
2nd. Angiedeme, infiltration of the subcutaneous and mucous membrane =swelling,
3rd. Vasodilation,
4th. Increased vascular permeability
5th. bronchioconstriciotn : the smooth muscle of the bronchioles start to swell , tightening the pathway, this all leads to decreased BP
Clinical manifestations: sin flushing, uricartitira (itching)? , inflammation of lips and face lowers in BP , laryngeal edema,hypotension affects BP.
Urticaria
itching found in anaphylaxis
What are some medications that should be administered:
Epinephrine: TC; emergency medicine,
PC: sympathetic
Raises BP and relaxes bronchi
Need to know : must be administered 2x first then must call 911 as its a temporary fix.
Diphenhydramine
Tc is a anti allergy
Pc is antihistamine as it blocks inflammation
ANeed to know should not be given to children as it can have paradoxal effects, example more hyperactivity
Autoimmunity
cells are unable to distinguish self from no self, often hereditary
Reaction comes from infection often viral,
Type 1: local organs
Type 2 : systemic
this can be seen in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, asthma, lupus, celiac disease,
Prednisone
Tc: immunosuppressive, anti inflammatory
PC: corticosteroid
Meet to know: cannot to suddenly, the dosage is reduced if it was being taken longer than 2 weeks.
What are actions nurses can take to reduce theirs of spreading infection
Washing their hands, cleaning equipment between patients, disposing non reusable items,
Using PPE
Inform patients family of their requirements such as do not bring fresh fruits or flowers,
Avoid rectal thermometers
early detection of inflammation
Skin, mouth, perineal, and intraveusnes skin care,
Discuss age related changes that predispose the elderly to decreased immune system functioning
- immunosenescence
Memory cells falter
Thymus degeneration
Autoimmune risk is higher
Complications from infection are more severe and common
IgE mediated
Type 1
antibody- antigen formulated and deposited / disposition complexes
Type 3
T cell mediated/ Cell mediated
type IV
Antigen- antibody mediated, mostly reacting through IgG and IgM
Type II
Type 2
Antibody mediated, immune modulator cascade that recognizes antigens as pathogens/harmful but are benign, local inflammation , anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopneia are a few examples
Type 3
Antibody- antigen complexes deposited in local areas of the body that are unable to be removed, instead comes as SLS lupus and Rheumatoid arthritis, local tissue damage, , serum sickness is and local is the Arthur’s disease. Causes vaculitis
