Hypertension 1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
General definition of Hypertension
BP less than 135/85 using automated measurement methods
Blood Pressure formula
Systemic Vascular Resistance * Cardiac Output
Cardiac Output formula
Stroke Volume * Heart Rate
White Coat Hypertension
BP is higher in the clinic than at home
Masked Hypertension
BP is higher at home than in clinic
Home BP
BP taken at home
- 135/85
Daytime Ambulatory BP
BP taken during daytime
- 135/85
24 Hour Ambulatory BP
BP taken for 24 hours
- 130/80 (Is lower due to including sleep)
Automated Office BP
BP taken in a quiet space
- 135/85
BP Goals of Treatment
- High Risk
SBP less than 120
BP Goals of Treatment
- Low Risk (No target organ damage or CV risk factors)
Less than 135/80
BP Goals of Treatment
- Diabetes
Less than 130/80
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Definition
Sudden drop in BP by 20/10 mmHg or greater within 2-3 minutes of standing
- Has to meet one of or bother of the thresholds
Orthostatic Hypotension
- More common in?
Elderly
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Fall Risk
Not associated with an increase risk of falling
- Still requires strategies to manage
Resistant Hypertension
- Definition
Failure to achieve BP targets despite treatment with three antihypertensive drugs (including a diuretic) at optimal dose
Resistant Hypertension
- Prevalance
Appears in 10-30%
Resistant Hypertension
- Causes
Prevalence is not well studied
- Could be caused by poor adherence
- Ensure patient is taking medication properly
Hypertensive Emergency
- Definition
Target Organ Damage
- Acute Left Ventricular Failure
- Acute Myocardial Ischemia
- Aortic Dissection
- Encephalopathy
- Papilledemia
Along with High BP 180/120
Hypertensive Urgency
- Definition
Asymptomatic
DBP greater than 130
- Ensure to lower BP slowly (over hours and days)
Systole
The top number
- Represents the blood pressure when heart is pumping blood
Diastole
The bottom number
- Represents the blood pressure when the heart is at rest and is filling with blood
Primary Hypertension
- Definition
No distinct cause
- 85-90% of those with hypertension have primary hypertension
Primary Hypertension
- Implicated Factors
- Increased sympathetic neural activity
- Increased angiotensin II and aldosterone activity
Obesity is a common risk factor
