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Internal Medicine > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Normal BP

A

< 120/<80 mmHg

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2
Q

Elevated BP

A

120-129/<80 mmHg

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3
Q

Stage 1

A

130-139/80-89 mmHg

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4
Q

Stage 2

A

> 140/>90 mmHg

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5
Q

What is most common cause of secondary HPN?

A

Primary renal disease

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6
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

24h urinary fractionated metanephrines

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7
Q

Cushings syndrome test

A

Dexa suppresion test

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8
Q

Urinary metabolite in pheochromocytoma

A

VMA

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9
Q

Primary hyperparathyroidism test

A

Serum Ca

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10
Q

Cushing triad

A

Moon facies
Buffalo hump
Abdominal striae

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11
Q

High BP in upper ex, lower BP in lower ex

A

Coarctation of aorta

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12
Q

HPN, HYPOKALEMIA, NORMAL RENIN AND ALDOSTERONE

A

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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13
Q

High GH after closure of epiphyseal plates, in adults

A

Acromegaly

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14
Q

Prognathism, frontal bossing

A

Acromegaly

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15
Q

High GH before closure of epiphyseal plates, in children

A

Gigantism

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16
Q

DOC for ACROMEGALY

A

Octreotide

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17
Q

Initial diagnostic test for primary HPN

A

TSH

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18
Q

Optional tests

A

Echo, uric acid, urinary albumin to crea ratio

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19
Q

Early marker of renal injury, and risk factor for renal disease progression and CVD

A

Urinary albumin/ creatinine ratio

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20
Q

Random A/C ratio , > 300 mg/g

A

Macroalbuminuria

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21
Q

Random A/C ratio 30-300 mg/g

A

Microalbuminuria

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22
Q

Classic symptom of Peripheral arterial disease

A

Intermittent claudication

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23
Q

Diagnostic of PAD

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A

Ankle brachial index <0.90

24
Q

ABI

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A

Ankle systolic pressure / brachial systolic pressure

25
Normal ABI
0.91- 1.29
26
Diminished pulse Associated with heavy smoking
Buerger’s disease
27
IGA nephropathy
Bergers disease
28
Non pharma highest SBP lowering effect in HPN
DASH diet ( -11 mmHg)
29
DASH diet
Dietary approaches to stop hypertension
30
DASH Sodium limit
1500 mg/day
31
Diabetes mellitus
> 130/80 threshold | Goal: <130/80
32
Secondary stroke prevention BP threshold
>140/80
33
Thiazide diuretics WOF
Hyperuricemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia
34
Risk for hyperkalemia, avoided in pregnancy, ARF in severe Bilateral RAS
ACEi/ARB
35
No no no
ACEi + ARB
36
ACEi in pregnant women
Renal Agenesis
37
Do not use in HFrEF (HF with reduced Ejection fraction) bec negative inotropic effect
CCB nondihydro/ dihydro
38
Increased brady and heart block
CCB nondihydro + Beta Blockers Avoid mixing!
39
Preferred for symptomatic HF
Loop diuretics
40
Preferred for primary aldosteronism and resistant HPN
Spironolactone and eplerenone
41
Gynecomastia and impotence
Spironolactone
42
Beta blocker cause gynecomastia
Cimetidine
43
Anti fungal cause gynecomastia
Ketoconazole
44
Beta blocker noncardioselective | Avoided in Reactive airway disease
Propanolol
45
Preferred in HF with reduced Ejection fraction
Bisoprolol and metoprolol sipuccinate
46
Beta blockers with alpha and beta receptor activity
Carvedilol, labetalol
47
Also preferred in HFrEF
Carvedilol
48
Direct renin inhibitor, do not combine with ACEi or ARB BEC increased risk HyperKalemia
Alliskrein
49
Alpha 1 blockers, orthostatic hypotension
Terazosin, prazosin
50
Central alpha 2 agonist, last line
Clonidine, methyldopa
51
Hypertensive crisis
>180/>120 with organ damage
52
Widening of mediastinum in xray sign
Aortic dissection/ rupture
53
Target organ damage in hypertensive emergency
Eyes, brain, heart, kidney
54
Flea bitten kidney, fibrinoid necrosis of arterioles - “onion skin”
Malignant hypertension
55
Cause of cyanide toxicity
Cyanide poisoning

Internal Medicine (7 decks)

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