Hypertension Flashcards
(19 cards)
What is hypertension?
Abnormally high BP, clinically above 140/90mmHg
What is essential hypertension and causes?
Primary HT
No known cause
95% (majority) of HT cases
What is secondary hypertension and its causes?
HT with a known cause
- most common is renal disease (CKD) often due to diabetic nephropathy
- also pregnancy
- endocrine cause eg conns, cushings and phaemochromocytoma
What is the clinical classification of hypertension?
140/90mmHg
What is the ABPM (home) classification of hypertension?
135/85mmHg
What are the risk factors for hypertension?
Age >60
Poor diet- excess salt, alcohol
Obesity/ overweight
DM
Afro-Carribean heritage
Smoking
Sedentary lifestyle
What is the clinical presentation for hypertension?
Mostly asymptomatic - found through screening
What are the investigations and results for hypertension?
- Clinical BP measurement -> 140/90mmHg
- ABPM (home 24hr BP monitoring) -> 135/85mmHg
diagnostic
Also CVD risk assessment
and test for end organ damage incl
- urine analysis creatinine:albumin
- bloods: eGFR, HBA1c, lipids
- echo/ecg
What would the pharmacological treatment plan be for a man age 60 for hypertension?
1st. CCB
2nd. ARB/ ACEi or thiazide like diuretic
3rd. CCB, ARB/ ACEi and thiazide like diuretic
4th. BB (K+ high) or spironolactone (K+low)
What would the pharmacological treatment plan be for a man age 40 for hypertension?
1st. ACEi or ARB
2nd. CCB or thiazide like diuretic
3rd. CCB, ARB/ ACEi and thiazide like diuretic
4th. BB (K+ high) or spironolactone (K+low)
What would the pharmacological treatment plan be for a Px age 40 and t2dm for hypertension?
1st. ACEi or ARB
2nd. CCB or thiazide like diuretic
3rd. CCB, ARB/ ACEi and thiazide like diuretic
4th. BB (K+ high) or spironolactone (K+low)
What would the pharmacological treatment plan be for a Caribbean Px age 40 for hypertension?
1st. CCB
2nd. ARB/ ACEi or thiazide like diuretic
3rd. CCB, ARB/ ACEi and thiazide like diuretic
4th. BB (K+ high) or spironolactone (K+low)
What lifestyle advice is given to patiens with hypertension?
Improve diet- limit salt intake
Reduce alcohol intake
Weight loss plan
Exercise
When can’t medication for hypertension be given?
Needs to be temporarily stopped if patient is having surgery and will be under anaesthetics
What are the complications of hypertension?
Stroke- haemorrhagic
IHD
MI
CKD
Dementia
What is the average fall of BP w 1 50mg antihypertensive tablet
8-10mmHg
What drugs may have incr BP as a side effect?
NSAID
corticosteroids
oestrogen containing oral contraceptives
What drugs may have incr BP as a side effect?
NSAID
corticosteroids
oestrogen containing oral contraceptives
What is the pathophysiology of hypertension?
Incr. peripheral resistance
Incr. RAAS ans SNS activity
