Hypertension

Question 1

hypertension

Answer 1

arterial BP changes in response to several factors throughout the day

adequate measurement may require multiple daily monitoring over an extended period of time

Question 2

what is elevated BP?

Answer 2

chronically ↑BP,
systolic: >140mmHg
diastolic: >90mmHg
ie. >140/90

Question 3

hypertension classification

Answer 3

essential
secondary

Question 4

essential hypertension

Answer 4

primary hypertension

chronically ↑BP w/o evidence of other disease, probably r/t arteriolar vasoconstriction

typically asymptomatic - “silent killer”

not known etiology

Question 5

essential hypertension s/s

Answer 5

vague, unreliable s/s:
- morning headache
- fatigue
- malaise
- nausea
- vomiting

Question 6

essential hypertension risk factors

Answer 6

• family hx of hypertension
• age
• race
• high salt intake
• obesity
• stress
• cigarette smoking
• alcohol consumption

Question 7

hypertension is more prevalent, more severe and occurs earlier in what descent?

Answer 7

African descent

Question 8

BP increases w/ age from:

Answer 8

newborn - 50/40
adult - 120/80

Question 9

uncontrolled hypertension affects

Answer 9

kidneys
arteries
heart

Question 10

how does unctrolled hypertension affect kidneys

Answer 10

↓blood flow to kidneys => ↑renin

Question 11

how does unctrolled hypertension affect arteries

Answer 11

↑BP causes damage to arterial walls predisposing them to atherosclerosis, CAD, aneurysm, rupture, stroke

Question 12

how does unctrolled hypertension affect heart

Answer 12

↑total peripheral resistance (↑afterload) and BV (preload), ↑workload on heart => left ventricle hypertrophy and failure

Question 13

secondary hypertension is d/t another diseases:

Answer 13

• renal disease
• renovascular hypertension
• adrenocorticosteroid hormone disorders
• pheochromocytoma
• pregnancy-induced hypertension