Hypertension Flashcards
(22 cards)
1
Q
Chlorothiazide, Hydrochlorothiazide, Bendrofluazide are all examples of…
A
Thiazide diuretics
2
Q
- Act on kidneys, increase urination, lower BP
- Increase sodium excretion by reducing salt reabsorption
- Plasma volume lowered
- Cardiac output lowered
- Inhibit sodium- chloride co-transporter in distal tube
- Frequent urination
- Ion deficiencies
- Dehydration, gout, postural hypotension
A
Thiazide diuretics
3
Q
2 drugs that have a thiazide-like structure are…
A
Chlorthalidone and Metolazone
4
Q
- More potent than thiazides
- Effective at reducing BP
- Used in patients with renal insufficiency, hypertension, heart failure
- Effective in patients with impaired kidney function
- Weakness, confusion, abnormal HR
A
Loop diuretics
5
Q
- Loop diuretic
- Prevents body absorbing too much salt
- Ringing in ears, confusion, drowsiness, jaundice, severe pain in stomach
A
Furosemide
6
Q
- Loop diuretic
- Forces kidney to eliminate sodium, potassium and water
- Hyperkalcaemia, abdominal pain, blurred vision, drowsiness, headache, increased urination
A
Buetanide
7
Q
- Loop diuretic
- Pyridine- sulfonyl urea used in management of oedema
- Nausea, drowsiness, dry mouth
A
Torasemide
8
Q
- Block calcium entry through voltage gated calcium channels in arterial smooth muscle
A
Calcium antagonists
9
Q
- Calcium antagonist
- Highly selective for smooth muscle
- Used to reduce BP in dilating arteries
- Reduce total peripheral resistance
- Flushing and ankle oedema
A
Dihydropyridines
10
Q
Nifedipine, Amlodipine, Nicardipine are what type of calcium antagonist?
A
Dihydropyridines
11
Q
An example of benzodiazepine…
A
Diltizem
12
Q
- Type of calcium antagonist
- Block calcium channels in conducting tissue of heart
- Reduce total peripheral resistance
- Decrease HR
- Reduce Cardiac Output
- Flushing, ankle oedema, cardiac depression
- Interact with B-blockers
A
Benzodiazepines
13
Q
- Prevent vasoconstrictior action of endogenous adrenlaine
- Selective blockers of a1- adrenoceptors
- Postural hypertension, dizziness, possible severe hypertension after 1st dose
A
Alpha blockers
14
Q
- Alpha Blocker
- 1x daily
- Relaxes veins and arteries
- Light headed, stomach pain, chest pain, trouble breathing, long-lasting erection
A
Doazosin
15
Q
- Alpha Blocker
- 1x daily
- Relaxes veins and arteries as well as muscles in prostate, bladder and neck
- Easier to urinate
- Fast/ pounding heartbeat, dizziness, swelling in hands, ankles or feet, long lasting erection
A
Terazosin
16
Q
- Alpha Blocker
- 3x daily
- Causes blood vessels and muscles around urethra to relax= urinate easily
- Lower BP
- Dizziness, drowsiness, dry mouth, frequent urination, headache, nausea, weakness
A
Perazosin
17
Q
Examples of beta blockers…
A
Atenolol, metaprotol
18
Q
- Reduce cardiac output by blocking noradrenaline receptors on heart
- Prevents action of noradrenaline and circulating adrenaline
- Reduces HR and force of contraction
- Initially decreases cardiac output but this does not last
- Cold hands, fatigue, inducing asthma attacks, heart failure, conduction block, effect on blood lipids
A
Beta Blockers
19
Q
Examples of ACE inhibitors…
A
Captopril, Enalapril, Ramipril, Lisinopril
20
Q
- Prevent conversion of angiotensin I -> II
- Reduces release of aldosterone to reduce sodium re-absorption and decrease BP
- Dry cough, rash, hypotension
- Not to be used in pregnant women
A
ACE inhbitors
21
Q
Examples of angiotensin II antagonists…
A
Losartan, Condesartan, Eprosartan, Volsartan
22
Q
- Bind to angiotensin II receptors on blood vessels so it can’t bind
- Angiotensin cannot cause contraction
- Used in patients who do not tolerate ACE inhibitors
- Dizziness, hyperkalaemia
- Not for use in patients with renal disease or pregnant women
A
Antiotensin II antagonists
