hypertension drugs Flashcards
(40 cards)
diuretics
increase urine output by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption by the kidney.
diuretics examples
thiazide and thiazide-like diuretics
loop diuretics
potassium-sparing diuretics
diuretic implications
- Give with food to prevent gastrointestinal upset.
- Monitor intake and output (I&O) and weight to determine fluid loss.
- Check for edema improvement in patients with heart failure and reduced blood pressure (BP) in hypertension.
- Electrolyte imbalances may occur quickly.
- Teach:
- Take during waking hours to prevent excessive urination during sleeping hours.
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics
Increase urine output by promoting sodium, chloride, and water excretion; cause loss of potassium, sodium, and magnesium; calcium saved; no immediate effect; most effective in normal kidney function.
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics examples
Thiazide:
- hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL)
- chlorothiazide (Diuril)
Thiazide-like:
- chlorthalidone (Hygroton)
- indapamide (Lozol)
- metolazone (Zaroxolyn)
Thiazide and Thiazide-Like Diuretics implications
- Hypercalcemia could be hazardous to the patient on digoxin.
- Monitor potassium level for hypokalemia.
- Blood glucose may increase in diabetics.
- Teach:
- Wear sunscreen and protective clothing to prevent photosensitivity.
loop diuretics
Act on ascending loop of Henle in the kidney to cause sodium and water loss; also causes loss of potassium, magnesium, and calcium.
loop diuretics examples
- bumetanide (Bumex)
- furosemide (Lasix)
- torsemide (Demadex)
loop diuretics implications
- Contraindicated if allergic to sulfonamides.
- Monitor potassium level for hypokalemia.
- Teach:
- Take with food or milk to prevent gastrointestinal upset.
- Use sunscreen to prevent photosensitivity.
Potassium-sparing Diuretics
Mild diuretic; can be used as combination therapy; promote sodium and water excretion and potassium retention by the kidney.
Potassium-sparing Diuretics examples
- amiloride (Midamor)
- spironolactone (Aldactone)
Potassium-sparing Diuretics implications
- Check potassium level for hyperkalemia before administration.
- Check BP before administration.
Sympatholytics (Beta Blockers)
Decrease sympathetic nervous system response, resulting in decreased BP, heart rate, contractility, cardiac output, and renin activity.
Sympatholytics (Beta Blockers) examples
- atenolol (Tenormin)
- metoprolol (Lopressor)
- metoprolol extended-release (Toprol XL)
- nadolol (Corgard)
- propranolol (Inderal)
- propranolol long-acting (Inderal LA)
Sympatholytics (Beta Blockers) implications
- Check heart rate and BP before administration as causes bradycardia and orthostatic hypotension.
- Check daily I&O and weight.
- Monitor for bronchospasm.
- Teach:
- Rise slowly.
- Do not stop the drug abruptly to avoid rebound hypertension, angina, or arrhythmias.
Alpha-1 Blockers
Block effects of the sympathetic nervous system on blood vessels’ smooth muscle, resulting in vasodilation and decreased BP.
Alpha-1 Blockers examples
- prazosin (Minipress)
- terazosin (Hytrin)
Alpha-1 Blockers implications
- Check heart rate and BP before administration; causes hypotension and tachycardia.
- Teach:
- Rise slowly.
Combined Alpha and Beta Blockers
Block alpha-adrenergic receptors, causing vasodilation and reduced BP; decrease sympathetic nervous system response, resulting in decreased heart rate and contractility.
Combined Alpha and Beta Blockers examples
- carvedilol (Coreg)
- labetalol (Normodyne)
Combined Alpha and Beta Blockers implications
- Check heart rate and BP before administration as causes bradycardia and hypotension.
- Check daily I&O and weight.
- Monitor edema, neck vein distention, and lung sounds.
- Teach:
- Rise slowly.
- Do not stop the drug abruptly to avoid rebound hypertension, angina, or arrhythmias.
Central-Acting Alpha2 Agonists
Block effects of sympathetic nervous system centrally.
Central-Acting Alpha2 Agonists examples
- clonidine (Catapres)
- guanfacine hydrochloride (Tenex)
Central-Acting Alpha2 Agonists implications
- Check for decreased BP and edema.
- Teach:
- Rise slowly.
- Do not stop the drug abruptly to avoid rebound hypertension, angina, or arrhythmias. Suggest gum or hard candy for dry mouth.
