Hypertension exercise prescription Flashcards
(38 cards)
what should you write in the first paragraph?
- introduce the client
- what measurements are included?
- what are the risk factors?
- what BP classification do they fall into?
- Give a definition of hypertension
- Why is hypertension bad
- How can we combat it
- Briefly talk about the prescription of medication
what are the non-modifiable risk factors
- Age: risk increases with age due to the arteries losing their elasticity, stiffening of the arteries
- Genetics: risk increases in individuals with a family history of HBP
- Gender: males are more likely to get it below 55, after menopause, women are at greater risk due to a decline in estrogen
- Race: more prevalent among those of African descent due to a combination of biological, environmental, and social factors
what are the modifiable risk factors?
- Poor diet: especially high in salt, or saturated fats
- Lack of physical activity/ sedentary life
- Overweight/obesity
- Excessive alcohol intake
- Poor sleep patterns
- Chronic stress
Define hypertension
A chronic medical condition characterised by its persistent elevated resting arterial blood pressure, exceeding SBP >130 or DBP > 80 mmHg
It is typically known as the silent killer as it is often assymptomatic with extreme cases having mild symptoms such as dizziness, headaches, and breathlessness which is often misattributed to aging
what is stage 1 hypertension what are the readings?
130-139 SBP or 80-90 DBP
what is stage 2 hypertension, what are the readings?
140 or higher SBP or 90 or higher DBP
what are the readings of a hypertensive crisis?
Higher than 180 SBP, and/or higher than 120 DBP
why is hypertension bad for us?
it is a major modifiable risk factor for CVD, significantly increasing the risk of myocardial infarctions, strokes, and even mortality. This is caused by the narrowing/hardening of arteries, increasing the risk of blood clots, and the heart being overworked
what can we do to combat hypertension?
- follow a healthier diet, specifically focusing on reducing salt intake, and trans/saturated fats
- Maintain a healthy weight, losing visceral fat specifically is great for lowering blood pressure and improving insulin sensitivity
- Exercise: physiological adaptations that enhance cardiac efficiency, including increased stroke volume and a reduced resting HR
what is the BMI classification of someone in the overweight category
25-29.9 kg/m2
what is the BMI classification of someone in the obese category
30 and above kg/m2
why are taking baseline measurements important before an exercise intervention?
to ensure safe participation as well as having a baseline measure to compare to at the end of the intervention to track progression
what additional baseline measures would you suggest and why?
- Assess body fat distribution: using the waist-to-hip ratio - a key indicator of health risks such as CVD, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic syndrome
- Resting HR: Indicator of cardiovascular health, as well as to establish intensity (target HR zones), and to make sure they are safe to exercise
- Assessing cardiovascular fitness: 6MWT, might help have a better understanding on how their lack of fitness is affecting their QOL
what body shape is the worst in waist-to-hip measurements, why is the fat dangerous when it’s stored there?
Apple-shaped bodies due to the fat being mainly distributed around the waist - this is known as visceral fat, which wraps around the internal organs - leads to insulin resistance, increases risk of CVD
what is the contraindication for exercising (resting BP measurement)
resting blood pressure of 180/120, they should not start exercising and should seek medical help immediately
what should blood pressure not exceed during exercise? (contraindication)
should not exceed 250/115. Additionally, if they experience dizziness or severe breathlessness, exercise should be stopped immediately
what is the most commonly prescribed medication for hypertension? can you give me some examples of it?
Beta-blockers - Acebutolol and bisoprolol
how do beta blockers work?
Beta blockers work by blocking the effects of adrenaline, which helps regulate heart rate and blood pressure, leading to a lower resting HR and BP and lower readings during exercise
what are the most common side effects of beta blockers?
feeling tired and sometimes dizziness due to it causing hypotension
what would you suggest for someone with a sedentary lifestyle?
reduce prolonged periods of sitting by getting up every 30 minutes for a short walk to improve circulation, cardiovascular health and reduce stress levels
why is it so important to get outside for exercise?
exercise will help release endorphins (which boosts mood and relieve stress), and being outside in nature specifically exposed to sunlight stimulates the production of serotonin which helps with mood regulation and sleep support. Neurotransmitters play an important role in regulating mood and emotions = less stressed, more motivated, greater sense of achievement
what aerobic exercise would you suggest?
Aerobic exercise is the most commonly prescribed type of exercise for hypertensive due to its simplicity, however, adherence rates remain low due to its high time consumption. more recent research has shown HIIT to be more effective at lowering blood pressure as well as being more time efficient
what is HIIT?
HIIT is characterised by repeated bouts of high intensity exercise, typically performed at 80-95% MHR (RPE 15-18), interspersed with recovery periods (working around 50-60%, RPE 9-12)
why is HIIT so good in the long term?
greater reduction in BP compared to moderate intensity training, and greater improvements observed in Vo2 max - leading to greater fucntional capacity meaning individuals can perform tasks alot easier. Also great for energy exposure, making it great for weight management
