hypertension - themes Flashcards
(21 cards)
what is the phenotypic expression of hypertension
blood pressure
what is office BP
BP measured at the doctor’s
wBP need out of office measurement
to rule out white coat hypertension. meaning it is adviseable for it to be meausred at home
- but we also need atleast one additional subsequent office measurement
what is hbpm and abpm
hbpm - home based = at home
abpm = ambulatory =moving around, during your normal activities
htn is the most important cause of
stroke and heart failure
= or DM
second most important cause of
end stage kidney disease
3 factors that stimulate renin release
- decr BP
- decr sodium delivery to the macula densa
- incr sympathetic tone
angiotensin II works on 5 sites, list them
- kindeys - constricts the efferent arteriole and stimulates the Na/H activity
- posterior pituitary - ADH secretion
- adrenal cortex - aldosterone secretion
- vascular smooth muscles - hypertension
- hypohtalamus - stimulates thirts
when to start measuring BP
5 mins after patient is seated comfortably in a quiet room
where is the BP cuff placed
on the level of the heart
what key thing to do at first visit
- assess orthostatic hypotension
- measure BP in both arms to detect arm differences
if the readings in both arms differ?
if they differ by >10 mmHg then obtain further measurements
how many times should BP be measured in one visit
2-3 times every 1-2 min apart, averaging the last 2 readings
what diet chnages can be made to treat HTN
increase potassium intake while reducing sodium intake
CNS
- haemorrhagic stroke
- posterior reversible encephalophathic syndrome
CVS
- acute coronary syndrome
- acute pulmonary edema
- aortic dissection
renal
renla failure
haem
- microangiopathic hemolytic anemia
pregnancy
eclampsia
eyes
papilledema - swelling of the optic disc- caused by incr pressure in the skull
what kind of risk factor is HTN
and independant modifiable risk factor
