Hypo/Hyperkalaemia Flashcards
state some symptoms of hypokalaemia ?
muscle weakness hypotonia hyporeflexia cramps tetany palpitations arrhythmias
what level of K exacerbates digoxin toxicity ?
hypokalaemia
what does the ECG of hypokalaemia look like?
delayed ventricular repolarisation
- flattened/inverted T waves
- prominent U waves
- ST depression
- long PR interval
- long QT interval
state some symptoms of hyperkalaemia ?
fast, irregular pulse
palpitations
chest pain
weakness
what does the ECG of hyperkalaemia look like?
tall tented T waves
flattened p waves
increased PR interval widened QRS
state some causes of hypokalaemia?
alkalosis increased use of insulin B-agonists diuretics vomiting, diarrhoea conns, cushings
state some causes of hyperkalaemia?
haemolysis acidosis decreased use of insulin cell death/tissue trauma digoxin poisoning addisons ACEI, NSAIDs, K sparing diuretics massive transfusion
during hypokalaemia, what other deficiency is commonly present?
magnesium
what is the management of hyperkalaemia?
non-urgent:
calcium resonium
urgent: calcium gluconate glucose + insulin salbutamol (nebulised) haemofiltration calcium resonium
on ECG, does hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia have tall tented T waves ?
hyperkalaemia
on ECG, does hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia have widened P waves?
hyperkalaemia
on ECG, does hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia have prolonged PR and Qt intervals?
hypokalaemia
on ECG, does hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia have ST depression?
hypokalamia
on ECG, does hypokalaemia or hyperkalaemia have prominent U waves?
hypokalaemia
