Hypo+hyperthermia

Question 1

Thermogenic definition?

Answer 1

Heat generating

Question 2

What is the definition of thermolytic?

Answer 2

Heat liberating

Question 3

What are 3 things the hypothalamus does for body temperature?

Answer 3

1. Responsible for thermoregulation
2. Acts as a thermostat
3. Negative feedback system

Question 4

What are 2 ways of heat disposition?

Answer 4

1. Sweating
2. Vasodilation

Question 5

What are 2 ways of heat conservation?

Answer 5

1. Shivering
2. Vasoconstriction

Question 6

What is the normal temperature in the head of the body?

Answer 6

20 degrees

Question 7

What is conduction?

Answer 7

Direct contact with a cooler surface

Question 8

What is convection?

Answer 8

Heat loss to cooler air currents

Question 9

What is radiation?

Answer 9

Radiates heat in the form of infrared rays

Question 10

What is evaporation?

Answer 10

Water evaporates from skin

Question 11

What is respiration?

Answer 11

Combines convection, radiation and evaporation

Question 12

What 3 things does a low core temperature attribute to?

Answer 12

1. Inadequate thermogenesis
2. Excessive cold stress
3. Combination

Question 13

What 2 temperatures on both ends of the spectrum will lead to death?

Answer 13

Hot: 42 degrees
Cold: 25 degrees

Question 14

At what temperature is one considered hypothermic?

Answer 14

35 degrees

Question 15

At what temperature does one become severely hypothermic?

Answer 15

Core temperature below 32 degrees

Question 16

At what temperature does one reach Hyperthermia?

Answer 16

41 degrees

Question 17

What are the 3 initial compensations of hypothermia?

Answer 17

1. Vasoconstriction: Rayauds phenomenon
2. Shivering
3. Increased basal metabolic rate

Question 18

What are the 2 decompensation mechanisms of hypothermia

Answer 18

1. Decreased cardiac output
2. Increased viscosity of Hb

Question 19

What are the effects of alcohol on hypothermia?

Answer 19

1. Impairs shivering thermogenesis
2. Promotes cutaneous vasodilation
3. If they have a liver disease it creates inadequate glycogen stores
4. Impairs judgement

Question 20

Risk factors for hypothermia in older people?

Answer 20

1. Often can’t generate heat effectively
2. Decrease in muscle mass and dismissed shivering
3. Atrophy of subcutaneous fat reduces insulation against heat loss
4. Medications may interfere with vasoconstriction
5. Hypothyroid and malnutrition

Question 21

What 4 things increases heat loss?

Answer 21

1. Removal of clothing
2. Wet clothing
3. Air movement
4. Contact with cold or water immersion

Question 22

Predisposing risk factors of becoming hypothermic?

Answer 22

1. Age of the patient
2. Health of the patient
3. Medications especially alcohol
4. Prolonged or intense exposure
5. Coexisting weather conditions

Question 23

What abnormal heart rhythm is a hypothermic patient at risk of?

Answer 23

Ventricular fibrillation

Question 24

6 managements of a hypothermic patient

Answer 24

1. Remove wet garments
2. Protect aghast further heat loss
3. Horizontal position
4. Avoid rough handling
5. Monitor core temperature
6. Monitor cardiac rhythm

Question 25

What is rewarming shock?

Answer 25

When the cold and acidotic blood trapped in the peripherals is returned to the core and can further decrease body temperature

Question 26

What is superficial frostbite?

Answer 26

Freezing of the epidermal tissue Appears as redness followed by blanching and diminished sensation

Question 27

What is deep frostbite?

Answer 27

Freezing of the epidermal and subcutaneous layers Appears white and frozen

Question 28

What are 3 signs of thermolysis?

Answer 28

1. Diaphoresis 2. Increased skin temperature 3. Flushing

Question 29

What are 2 signs of thermolytic inadequacy?

Answer 29

1. Altered mentation 2. ALOC

Question 30

5 Risk factors of hyperthermia?

Answer 30

1. Age 2. Poor general health 3. Fatigue 4. Predisposing medical conditions 5. Medications

Question 31

3 Preventative measures of hyperthermia?

Answer 31

1. Maintain adequate fluid intake 2. Allow for gradual acclimatization 3. Limit exposure t hot environments

Question 32

What are heat cramps?

Answer 32

Muscle cramps caused b over exertion and dehydration, can be related to sodium loss from sweating

Question 33

What do heat cramps present like?

Answer 33

1. Cramps in fingers, arms, legs, or abdominal muscles 2. Mentally alert with feelings of weakness 3. Vital signs stable 4. Body temperature may be normal or slightly elevated 5. Is will be moist and warm

Question 34

3 managements of a patient with heat cramps?

Answer 34

1. Remove patient from environment 2. Administer oral saline 3. Opinions vary on whether to massage painful muscles

Question 35

What is heat exhaustion?

Answer 35

Mild heat illness associated with exposure to high environmental temperatures

Question 36

What does dehydration and sodium loss cause in heat exhaustion?

Answer 36

1. Decrease of circulating blood volume 2. Venous pooling 3. Reduced cardiac output

Question 37

What are ways heat exhaustion can present?

Answer 37

1. Increase in body temperature, skin cool and clammy 2. Active thermolysis- diarrhea and muscle cramps 3. Decrease LOC, headaches, anxiety and impaired judgment

Question 38

Earliest signs of a heat stoke?

Answer 38

1. Irritability 2. Combativeness 3. Hallucinations 4. Older patients may present with symptoms liar to a stroke