hypoparathyroid

Question 1

causes?

Answer 1

most common is head and neck surgeries- thyroidectomy

next is autoimmune
congenital: digoerge

Question 2

symptoms?

Answer 2

hypocalcemia symptoms:
perioral numbness, carpopedal spasm, muscle cramps, tetany, arrythmia (long QT)

chovstek sign: facial twitch when tapping facial nerve
trossou sign: carpopedal spasm when inflating BP cuff

Question 3

diagnosis?

Answer 3

serum calcium: below the LLN
serum PTH: low
phosphate: high
normally PTH signals kidneys to excrete phosphate and reabsorb calcium from bone.

Question 4

calcium and phosphate levels in hypoparathyroidism, vitamin d deficiency, and chronic kidney disease?

Answer 4

hypoparathyroid: low Ca, high phosphate

vitamin d def: low Ca & phosphate (bcz lack of absorption from the gut)

CKD: low Ca, high phosphate

Question 5

treatment?

Answer 5

severe cases: calcium gluconate

moderate and mild: oral supplementation of calcium, vitamin d, magnesium

PTH replacement therapy if needed

monitor levels every year