Hypoparathyroidism Flashcards
Primary hypoparathyroidism
- decrease […] secretion
e.g. secondary to thyroid surgery*
- low […], high […]
- treated with […]
Primary hypoparathyroidism
decrease PTH secretion
e.g. secondary to thyroid surgery*
low calcium, high phosphate
treated with alfacalcidol
Main symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are secondary to …:
perioral … sign: carpal spasm if the brachial artery occluded by inflating the blood pressure cuff and maintaining pressure above systolic
… sign: tapping over parotid causes facial muscles to twitch
if chronic: depression, cataracts
ECG: prolonged … interval
Main symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are secondary to hypocalcaemia:
tetany: muscle twitching, cramping and spasm
perioral paraesthesia
Trousseau’s sign: carpal spasm if the brachial artery occluded by inflating the blood pressure cuff and maintaining pressure above systolic
Chvostek’s sign: tapping over parotid causes facial muscles to twitch
if chronic: depression, cataracts
ECG: prolonged QT interval
Main symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are secondary to …:
perioral … sign: carpal spasm if the brachial artery occluded by inflating the blood pressure cuff and maintaining pressure above systolic
… sign: tapping over parotid causes facial muscles to twitch
if chronic: depression, cataracts
ECG: prolonged … interval
Main symptoms of hypoparathyroidism are secondary to hypocalcaemia:
tetany: muscle twitching, cramping and spasm
perioral paraesthesia
Trousseau’s sign: carpal spasm if the brachial artery occluded by inflating the blood pressure cuff and maintaining pressure above systolic
Chvostek’s sign: tapping over parotid causes facial muscles to twitch
if chronic: depression, cataracts
ECG: prolonged QT interval
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
[…] cells being insensitive to […]
due to abnormality in a […] protein
associated with low IQ, short stature, shortened 4th and 5th metacarpals
low calcium, high phosphate, high PTH
diagnosis is made by measuring urinary […] and […] levels following an […] of PTH.
In hypoparathyroidism this will cause an […] in both cAMP and phosphate levels.
In pseudohypoparathyroidism type I neither cAMP nor phosphate levels are increased whilst in pseudohypoparathyroidism type II only […] rises.
Pseudohypoparathyroidism
target cells being insensitive to PTH
due to abnormality in a G protein
associated with low IQ, short stature, shortened 4th and 5th metacarpals
low calcium, high phosphate, high PTH
diagnosis is made by measuring urinary cAMP and phosphate levels following an infusion of PTH. In hypoparathyroidism this will cause an increase in both cAMP and phosphate levels. In pseudohypoparathyroidism type I neither cAMP nor phosphate levels are increased whilst in pseudohypoparathyroidism type II only cAMP rises.
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
similar phenotype to pseudohypoparathyroidism but […] biochemistry
Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism
similar phenotype to pseudohypoparathyroidism but normal biochemistry
