hypoparathyroidism Flashcards
define hypoparathyroidism
Decreased PTH production from the parathyroid glands, resulting in hypocalcaemia.
what is primary hypoparathyroidism due to?
Parathyroid Gland failure leading to reduced PTH release.
what is secondary hypoparathyroidism due to?
Post-Surgery resulting in reduced PTH release (e.g. parathyroidectomy).
what is pseudo hypoparathyroidism due to?
Very rare. It is a result of defective G protein signalling which leads to end-organ PTH resistance.
what is pseudo hypoparathyroidism associated with?
It is associated with low IQ, short stature, obesity and small 4th/5th metacarpals (in other words, Andrew Tate fans
what investigations take place for hypoparathyroidism?
Bloods
LongQT on ECG
what are the symptoms for hypoparathyroidism?
-Paraesthesia
-Tetany (involuntary muscle contractions)
-Chvostek sign
-Trousseau sign
what are the symptoms the same as in hypoparathyroidism?
hypocalcaemia
what are the causes of primary hypoparathyroidism?
-Genetic
-Radiation
Infiltration
-Magnesium Deficiency
-Autoimmunity
-Di George’s Syndrome
describe the physiology behind PTH
Increased Calcium reabsorption
Increased osteoclast activity
Increased Vitamin D activity
Decreased phosphate reabsorption
what treatment is given for hypoparathyroidism?
Calcium and Vitamin D supplements. (AdCalD3)
what is Chvostek sign?
a twitch of the facial muscles that occurs when gently tapping an individual’s cheek, in front of the ear.
what is trousseau sign?
involuntary spasms of arm and hand
In hypoparathyroidism what does the PTH, CALCIUM and phosphate levels look like?
PTH- low
Calcium- low
Phosphate-HIGH **
In pseudo hypoparathyroidism what does the PTH, CALCIUM and phosphate levels look like?
PTH- high
Calcium- LOW***
Phosphate- high
