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Metabolism, Endocrinology & Haematology > Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis > Flashcards

Hypothalamic Pituitary Axis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the embriological origin of the anterior pituitary?

A

Oral ectoderm

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2
Q

What is the embriological origin of the posterior pituitary?

A

Neuroectoderm

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3
Q

Ow is the posterior pituitary connected to the hypothalamus?

A

Via the infundibulum (pituitary stalk)

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4
Q

What are the 2 hormones produced in the hypothalamus? Where are they secreted?

A

Oxytocin and ADH (also known as Vasopressin)

Secreted in the posterior pituitary

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5
Q

What are the names of the 2 nuclei that contain neurosecretory cells in thypothalamus?

A

Supraoptic

Paraventricular

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6
Q

What kind of signalling is demonstrated from the hypothalamus to the posterior pituitary?

A

Neurocrine signalling

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7
Q

What is the name of the portal system in the anterior pituitary?

A

Hypophyseal portal system

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8
Q

What is another name for ADH? What is its role?

A

Vasopressin
Regulates body water volume

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9
Q

What are the 6 hormones produced by the anterior pituitary?

A

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Luteinising hormone (LH)
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Prolactin (PRL)
Growth hormone (GH)

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10
Q

Where is growth hormone produced?

A

Anterior pituitary - stimulated by hypothalamic GHRH and inhibited by hypothalamic somatostatin (GHIH)

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11
Q

What is the response to GH in liver and skeletal muscle?

A

They produce and secrete IGFs

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12
Q

What hormones are released due to action of GH?

A

Insulin-like growth factors

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13
Q

What is hypertrophy?

A

Increase in cell size. Cell number stays the same

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14
Q

What is hyperplasia?

A

Crease in cell number

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15
Q

What is atrophy?

A

Decrease in cell size or number

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16
Q

What is necrosis?

A

Cell death due to damage

17
Q

What is apoptosis?

A

Programmed cell death

18
Q

What is the effect GH on bone growth?

A

Stimulates long bone growth - length and width prior to epiphyseal closure; just width after epiphyseal closure

19
Q

What is the effect of IGFs on bone and cartilage?

A

Stimulates growth

20
Q

Describe long loop negative feedback of GH secretion

A

Mediated by IGFs
Inhibits release of GHRH from hypothalamus, stimulates the release of somatostatin from hypothalamus, inhibits release of GH from anterior pituitary

21
Q

Describe short loop negative feedback of GH secretion

A

Mediated by GH itself via stimulation of somatostatin release

Metabolism, Endocrinology & Haematology (10 decks)

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