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BRAIN BATTACK: Anatomy > Hypothalamus > Flashcards

Hypothalamus Flashcards

1
Q

What divides the hypothalamus in medial and lateral zones?

A

Fornix

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2
Q

What are the four regions of the hypothalamus?

A

Preoptic
Surachiasmatic
Tuberal
Mamillary

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3
Q

What is the use of use of the the preoptic region?

A

Contains eurons that elaborate gonadotropic releasing hormone
Reproduction, eating, locomotion and sexual arousal

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4
Q

T/F Medial preoptic nucleus is sexually dimorphic?

A

TRUE

Large in males than females

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5
Q

What is the use of the suprachiasmatic region?

A

Contains the
supraoptic (ADH)
paraventricular (oxytoxin)
anterior hypothalamic and suprachiasmatic nuclei

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6
Q

Supraoptic nucleus

A

ADH

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7
Q

Paraventricular nucleus

A

oxytoxin

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8
Q

Anterior hypothalamic nuclei

A

Center for thirst mechanism

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9
Q

Suprachiasmatic nuclei

A

sleep-wale cycle

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10
Q

Components of the the tuberal region

A
  1. ventromedial hypothalamic
  2. dlorsomedial hypothalamic
  3. arcuate nuclei
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11
Q

ventromedial nucleus

of the tuberal region

A

SATIETY CENTER

lesions will make you: have a voracious appetite, obese and savage

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12
Q

Where is the APPETITE CENTER

A

Lateral hypothalamus

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13
Q

Use of Arcuate nucleus of tuberal region

A

Stains for ACTH, B-LPH, B-END

major target for leptin

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14
Q

Mamillary region includes what two nuclei?

A
  1. mamillary

2. posterior hypothalamic

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15
Q

What is the use of the mamillary nuclei

A

The medial part is the main target of the fornix and source of mamillothalamic tract.

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16
Q

What is the use of use of the posterior hypothalamic nucleus?

A

main source of descending hypothalamic fibers

17
Q

This peptide is exclusively located in the lateral hypothalamic region

A

Orexin

18
Q

Hormone that inhibits anorexinergic and excited orexinergic arcuate neurons

A

Hypocretin

19
Q

Describe the urine of patient’s with DI

A

frequent (polyuria) but lOW specific gravity accompanied by polydipsia without alterations in the glucose content of blood or urine

20
Q

Part of the hypothalamus that resullts to PARASYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION

A

rostral and medial

preoptic and supraoptic area)

21
Q

Part of the hypothalamus that results to SYMPATHETIC ACTIVATION

A

posterior

22
Q

part of the hypothalamus for heat dissapation eg sweating

A

anterior hypothalamus

23
Q

part of the hypothalamus for heat preservation eg shivering

A

posterior hypothalamus

24
Q

part of the hypothalamus for RAGE reaction

A

ventromedial hypothalamus

25
Q

part of the hypothalamuis for FLIGHT reaction

A

lateral hypothalamus

26
Q

part of the hypothalamus that elicits drinking behavior to avoid thirst

A

anterior

remember ito rin yung for heat dissapation

27
Q

describe the blood supply of the hypothalamus

A

pre-optic and suprachiasmatic
: Acom and ACA

tuberal and mamillary
: Pcom and PCA

28
Q

What is the treatment for diabetes insipidus?

A

DDAVP or desmopressin acetate

29
Q

Components of SIADH

A

*remember, impair hypothalamic osmoreceptors hence elevated ADH release

hyponatermia
low serum osmolarity
normal renal excretion of sodium
elevated urine osmolarity
absence of volume depletion
30
Q

What is the eponym for episodic hypothermia?

A

Shapiro syndrome

31
Q

Chronic and Episodic hyperthermia localization

A

Chronic: anterior
Episodic:ventromedial hypothalamus

32
Q

Syndrome characterized by emaciation

A

Russel Syndrome

Batten-Russel-Colier Disease

localization: anterior hypothalamus tumor

33
Q

Syndrome characterized by obesity, genital hypoplasia, stunted growth

A

Babinski- Frohlich syndrome

localization:ventromedial nucleus

34
Q

Episodic compulsive eating, hypersomnolence, hypersexuality in adolescent males

A

Kline- Levin Syndrome

similar to the lesions in the medial thalamus

BRAIN BATTACK: Anatomy (6 decks)

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