Hypothalamus and Pituitary

Question 1

Role of hypothalamus in the endocrine system

Answer 1

• makes ADH, OXT
• secretes regulatory hormones
• neural communication with adrenal medulla sympathetic

Question 2

3 regions of the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 2

• pars distalis: anterior portion; secretes most anterior pituitary hormones
• pars tuberalis: wraps around infundibulum
• pars intermedia: borders posterior lobe

Question 3

Hormones released by the anterior pituitary

Answer 3

TSH, ACTH, FSH, LH, PRL, GH, MSH

Question 4

Trigger and functions of anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 4

TSH: TRH; release of thyroid hormones
ACTH: CRH; release cortisol
FSH: GnRH; follicle development in females, secretion of estrogen, sperm development in males
LH: GnRH; females: ovulation, estrogen, progesterone males: testosterone release
PRL: PIH, PRH; mammary gland development and milk production
GH: GH-RH, GH-IH; increased cell growth and division, increases protein synthesis rate
MSH: MSH-IH; increased, melanin production, not active in healthy adults

Question 5

Blood flow associated with the pituitary gland

Answer 5

• superior hypophyseal artery delivers blood to a capillary network in the upper infundibulum
• portal vessels deliver blood to the anterior pituitary
• inferior hypophyseal artery delivers blood to the posterior pituitary
• hypophyseal veins carry blood to the cardiovascular system

Question 6

Hormones released by the posterior pituitary

Answer 6

ADH and OXT

Question 7

Triggers of posterior pituitary hormones

Answer 7

ADH:
OXT:

Question 8

List one function of ADH and OXT

Answer 8

ADH - water regulation
OXT - childbirth stimulation

Question 9

Regulation that occurs in the hypothalmic-pituitary axis