Hypothalamus and temp Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Hypothalamus and temp Deck (23)
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1
Q

Supraoptic nucleus

A

anterior hypothalamus. above optic chiasm

2
Q

Tuberal nucleus

A

medial. Above pituitary

3
Q

Mammillary nucleus

A

posterior. Above and including the mammillary bodies

4
Q

Dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

A

To autonomic nuclei in brainstem reticular system and spinal cord

5
Q

Medial forebrain bundle

A

To brainstem reticular formation

6
Q

Mammillotegmental tract

A

from mammillary bodies to midbrain reticular formation

7
Q

Somatic motor response pathway

A

hypothalamus –> UMN in brainstem reticular formation –> LMN –> skeletal muscle

8
Q

Actions involving hypothalamic somatic motor response pathway

A

vomiting, laughing, crying, and facial expressions. Chewing and swallowing

9
Q

Direct hypothalamus regulation of endocrine function

A

Posterior pituitary. SON and paraventricular nuclei –> vasopressin and oxytocin –> posterior pituitary. Action potentials –> release to general circulation

10
Q

Indirect hypothalamus regulation of endocrine function

A

Anterior pituitary. Hypothalamic hormones –> hypothalamo-pituitary portal circulation –> regulated release of hormones from anterior pituitary –> regulated release of hormones from peripheral endocrine organs

11
Q

Hypothalamus role in emotion and motivation

A
Somatic = escape, fighting, biting, hissing, facial expressions
Autonomic = blushing, drymouth, sweating, GI effects, fainting
Endocrine = activated adrenal cortex and medulla
12
Q

Sham rage

A

dissociation of rage response from appropriate environmental context. Remains intact if hypothalamus is disconnected from higher brain areas. Disconnection from brainstem –> abolished sham rage

13
Q

Fever

A

REGULATED increase in body temp

14
Q

Fever mechanism

A

exogenous pyrogen –> cytokine (IL-1, -6, TNF) release to OVLT in hypothalamus –> PGE2 –> POAH thermoreceptors –> increased set point –> vasoconstriction, shivering –> fever

15
Q

Hypothalamus role in heat response

A

warm receptors –> excited preoptic anterior hypothalamus, inhibited posterior hypothalamus –> heat loss (skin vasodilation, sweat, seek cold environment)

16
Q

hypothalamus role in cold response

A

cold receptors –> excited posterior hypothalamus, inhibited POAH –> heat gain (seek warmth, vasoconstriction, shiver)

17
Q

Preoptic anterior hypothalamus (POAH)

A

central thermoreceptors

18
Q

Organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT) and subfornical organ

A

monitor plasma osmolality and temp –> drinking

19
Q

SON and paraventricular nuclei, OVLT and subfornical organ

A

release of ADH

20
Q

ventromedial nucleus

A

satiety center. Lesion –> increased food intake, obesity

21
Q

hunger/feeding center

A

lateral hypothalamus

22
Q

Hypothalamus-initiated endocrine regulation of body weight

A

insulin, glucagon, growth hormone

23
Q

circadian rhythms

A

24 hours long. Retina (info about environmental light/dark cycle –> suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) –> trained endogenous rhythms