Hypothalamus & Limbic System

Question 1

Diencephalon

Answer 1

epithalamus, thalamus, hypothalamus, and subthalamus

Question 2

Hypothalamus is in charge of ________ and _______

Answer 2

• homeostasis and regualtion

- motivated behavior (stereotyped behavior)

Question 3

Motivated behavior

Answer 3

four F’s: feeding, fighting, flighting, finding a mate
alertness, motor action, emotion
(stereotyped behavior)

Question 4

ventral landmarks of hypothalamus

Answer 4

optic chiasm
tuber cinereum (infundibulum & medial eminence)
mammillary bodies

Question 5

the hypothalamus forms the _____ and ______ wall of the third ventricle

Answer 5

floor and ventrolateral wall

Question 6

Hypothalamic regions

Answer 6

1. supraoptic
2. tuberal
3. mammillary

Question 7

hypothalamic areas

Answer 7

1. anterior hypothalamic area (autonomic outflow–temperature regulation–heat dissipation center)
2. lateral hypothalamic area (hunger center)
3. posterior hypothalamic area (temperature regulation–heat conservation center–sensitive to cold)

Question 8

supraoptic nuclei

Answer 8

ADH secretion mostly

a little oxytocin secretion

Question 9

paraventricular nuclei

Answer 9

primarily oxytocin secretion

little ADH secretion

Question 10

ventromedial nuclei

Answer 10

satiety center and rage

Question 11

arcuate nuclei

Answer 11

releasing hormone secretion for control of anterior pituitary gland

Question 12

neurosecretory hormones

Answer 12

oxytocin

ADH

Question 13

Fornix

Answer 13

also called cortico mammillary
arises from hippocampus and ends in mammillary bodies.
part of limbic system (motivated behaviors)

Question 14

hypothalamus-hypophyseal tract

Answer 14

neurohormone secretion (oxytocin and ADH)

Question 15

dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

Answer 15

major output to lower centers (autonomic PNS and Sympathetic)

Question 16

medial forebrain bundle

Answer 16

runs from anterior to posterior connecting nuclei and areas

integrate the functions of various centers

Question 17

straia terminalis

Answer 17

extends from amygdala (part of basal ganglia responsible for rage) to preoptic, ventromedian and anterior hypothalamic nuclei

Question 18

function of hypothalamus

Answer 18

control and regulation of ENDOCRINE, AUTONOMIC, AND MOOD

• feeding (VMN–saiety; Lateral Hyp–hunger)
• water balance (supraoptic nuc.–ADH) Loss of ADH–> diabetis insipidus

Question 19

example of hypothalamic control of autonomic NS

Answer 19

temperature regulation

neurogenic hypertension

Question 20

hypothalamus as part of limbic system is a major contributor to _____

Answer 20

emotion

Question 21

How does the hypothalamus control anterior pituitary secretion?

Answer 21

• releasing hormones secreted by hypothalamic neurons into hypothalamohypophyseal portal circulation–> affects secretion of pituitary trophic hormones
• negative feedback of blood hormones affects both hypothamic and pituitary secretion

Question 22

example of negative feedback loop

Answer 22

excess LH stops ovulation by producing antibodies

Question 23

how does the hypothalamus control posterior pituitary secretion?

Answer 23

• supraoptic and paraventricuar nuclei secrete neurohoromones
• their cell membranes respond to changes in blood osmolality
• increase in blood volume will inhibit ADH secretion and result in water diuresis
• absence of ADH can cause diabetes insipidus

Question 24

VMN is the ____ center while _____ is the hunger center

Answer 24

VMN–satiety
Lateral hypothalmamic area is hunger
* lesion in VMN–fat
* lesion in lateral hypothalamus–loss of appetite

Question 25

anterior hypothalamus is _____ center

while posterior is ______ center

Answer 25

anterior–heat disposal (too hot)

posterior–heat maintenance (too cold)

Question 26

reticular activating system

Answer 26

multisynaptic network that receives impulses from ascending and descending tracts and projects to cortex for awakeness

Question 27

lesion in reticular activating system

Answer 27

coma

Question 28

lesion in VMN

Answer 28

overeating and rage

temporal lobes also involved because of presence of amygdala

Question 29

neurogenic hypertension

Answer 29

input from hypothalamus on sympathetic NS via dorsal longitudinal fasciculus

Question 30

limbic lobe

Answer 30

cingulate gyrus, isthmus, parahippocampal gyrus, uncus

Question 31

limbic system

Answer 31

cingulate gyrus, isthmus, parahippocampal gyrus, uncus, hypothalamus, anterior thamaic nucleus, fornix, interconnecting tracts (mammilothalamic) and amygdala

Question 32

limbic system in charge of

Answer 32

emotional coloring of thought, physical signs and symptoms of emotion, recent memory, stereotyped behaviors ( 4 F’s)