Hypothermia and Cold Water Survival

Question 1

Medical emergency that occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce

Answer 1

Hypothermia

Question 2

Hypothermia is caused by prolonged exposure to water temperatures colder than ___

Answer 2

77°F

Question 3

Extremities squeeze warm blood to the core to protect vital organs

Answer 3

Peripheral Vasoconstriction

Question 4

Water will rob the body of heat ___ times faster than air alone

Answer 4

25

Question 5

Movement ___ heat loss

Answer 5

Increases

Question 6

In the water, heat loss can be minimized by ___

Answer 6

Protecting head, neck, and thorax. Get as much out of the water as possible. HELP.

Question 7

HELP

Answer 7

Heat Escape Lessening Position

Question 8

The majority of the body’s heat loss occurs from the ___

Answer 8

Head, neck, and thorax

Question 9

Body’s natural tendency when reacting to cold

Answer 9

Hunch shoulders, cross arms in front, and crouch

Question 10

Vasoconstriction ___ blood pressure

Answer 10

Increases

Question 11

Vasoconstriction is caused by ___

Answer 11

Contraction of the muscular walls

Question 12

During vasoconstriction, extremities are ___

Answer 12

Pale and more prone to cold injuries

Question 13

With normal blood volume, your body can ___

Answer 13

Circulate enough fluids to your muscles and organs to maintain core temperature

Question 14

Dehydration causes ___

Answer 14

Reduced blood volume, faster heart beat, and increased blood pressure

Question 15

Factors that accelerate the onset of hypothermia

Answer 15

• Prolonged immersion in water colder than body temperature
• Sea spray
• Air temperature
• Wind chill
• Movement in cold water
• Unprotected major heat loss areas
• Dehydration
• Thin physique

Question 16

1-10-1 rule

Answer 16

1 minute for controlled breathing
10 minutes of meaningful movement
1 hour of conciousness

Question 17

Who came up with the 1-10-1 rule? (bonus question)

Answer 17

Dr Gordon Giesbrecht, professor of thermophysiology at the University of Manitoba

Question 18

Top factors affecting cold water survival time

Answer 18

• Water temperature
• Exposure time
• Protective wear
• General circulatory health
• Age
• Body fat
• Control breathing
• Don’t panic
• Will to live

Question 19

The perceived decrease in air temperature felt by the body on exposed skin due to the flow of air

Answer 19

Wind chill

Question 20

Wind chill ___ the risks of adverse effects such as frostbite

Answer 20

Increases

Question 21

Damage to the skin tissue caused by freezing

Answer 21

Frostbite

Question 22

Very cold skin and freeze in ___

Answer 22

Minutes or seconds

Question 23

Frost nip is a ___

Answer 23

Mild form of cold injury

Question 24

Commonly affected areas for frost bite and nip

Answer 24

Earlobes, cheeks, nose, fingers, and toes

Question 25

Risk factors for frost bite and nip

Answer 25

Alcohol, smoking, previous cold injuries, fatigue, and diseases (diabetes)

Question 26

Insufficiently protected and exposed extremities are prone to ___. Water ___ the cooling process.

Answer 26

Cold injuries | Accelerates

Question 27

Tissue freezing causes ___ formation and other changes that damage and eventually kill ___

Answer 27

Ice crystal formation | Cells

Question 28

Ice formation causes what effect on cells?

Answer 28

Causes water to flow out of the cells, prevents blood flow oxygenation and natural rewarming process

Question 29

Symptoms of frostbite

Answer 29

Cold sensation, white/yellow skin, numbness, clumsiness

Question 30

Extent of permanent injury from frostbite is determined by ___

Answer 30

How long the tissue remains frozen

Question 31

Many patients experience ___ in the frostbite affected part during rewarming

Answer 31

Severe pain

Question 32

Frost nip is treated by ___

Answer 32

Rewarming with passive heat source (blowing warm air, placing under armpits, etc)

Question 33

Frost bite must be ___ treated

Answer 33

Medically

Question 34

Stages of frost bite injuries are classified as ___ degrees

Answer 34

1st through 4th

Question 35

___ degree frostbite is a superficial injury

Answer 35

1st through 2nd

Question 36

___ degree frostbite is a deep tissue injury

Answer 36

3rd through 4th

Question 37

Ice team precautions

Answer 37

- Vasodilation (keep response vehicle cool) - Stay hydrated - Extra head and hand protection

Question 38

Monitor team for signs of possible cold injury

Answer 38

- Shivering - Fatigue - Heat exhaustion - Sluggishness/slurred speech

Question 39

4 conditions of hypothermia

Answer 39

Mild Moderate Severe Profound

Question 40

Mild condition of hypothermia

Answer 40

Core body temperature between 90-95°F

Question 41

Signs and symptoms of mild hypothermia

Answer 41

- Conscious and alert - Vigorous shivering - Pain and numbness - Some loss of movement (fingers and toes)

Question 42

Moderate condition of hypothermia

Answer 42

Core body temperature between 82-89°F

Question 43

Signs and symptoms of moderate hypothermia

Answer 43

- Conscious or semi-conscious - Drowsy/moderate clouding of mental faculties - Shivering not present

Question 44

Severe condition of hypothermia

Answer 44

Core body temperature between 75-81°F

Question 45

Signs and symptoms of severe hypothermia

Answer 45

- Unconscious - Weak vital signs - Muscular rigidity - Dilated pupils are poorly reactive to light

Question 46

Profound condition of hypothermia

Answer 46

Core body temperature below 75°F

Question 47

Signs and symptoms of profound hypothermia

Answer 47

- No vital signs - Muscular rigidity - Pupils are fixed and dilated

Question 48

Circulation of warm fluids inside the chest cavity

Answer 48

Thoracic lavage