Hypothesis Testing Flashcards
(26 cards)
Population
Complete set of objets of interest under a statistical hypothesis
Finite Population
A population in which every individual member can be giver a number, we can count the total number of members of the population
Infinite Population
A population in which every individual member cannot be given a number, we cannot count the total number of members of the population
Population Parameter
This is a quanity that relates to the given distribution rather than being calculated from a sample
Sample
This is a subset of the population which is being measured or observed
Statistic
This is a quantity that has been calculated from a sample
A hypothesis
This is a statement about the value of the population parameter
Null hypothesis
A statement currently considered or claimed to be true about a population parameter. H0 will be in the form of an equality (=)
Alternative Hypothesis
This is what might be true instead of H0. It concerns the same population parameter as H0, but will contain either < or > (one tailed test), or ≠ (two tailed test)
Population mean
The mean of all possible values of the population. It is a theoretical value (parameter). We do not always know the true value since it is not possible to know every measurement of the entire population.
Sample mean
The mean of all the values in the sample. It is calculated and so is a statsitic.
Critical value (binomial)
The first value that falls within the critical region and is used to determine if the test is significant
Critical value ( normal and PMCC)
The boundary of the critical region
Sample size
The number of items in the sample
Test statistic ( Normal)
A value that is calculated from the sample. It is used as evidence in our decision whether to reject the null hypothesis.
Test Statistic (Binomial)
Random variable X which is the number of successes in the binomial distribution
Critical region
The range of values of the test statistic which will lead us to reject H0
Significance Level
This is a measure of how confident we are that we rescan the correct conclusion
Actual significance level
The combined probability of the critical region, usually slightly lower than the significance level
Acceptance region
The range of values of the test statistic which will lead us not to reject H0
P value (1)
The probability that the test statistic takes a value which is equal to or more extreme than the observed value when the null hypothesis is taken as true
P value (2)
The probability assuming H0 holds, of obtaining a value of the test statistic at least as extreme as the observed value.
One tailed- test
Looks for a definite change (either increase or decrease) in the parameter
Two- tailed test
Looks for any change in the parameter
