Hypothesis Testing & regression

Question 1

A specific, testable prediction about what you expect to happen in a study

Answer 1

Research Hypothesis

Question 2

Predicts the relationship between a single dependent variable and a single independent variable

Answer 2

Simple Hypothesis

Question 3

Predicts the relationship between two or more independent and dependent variables

Answer 3

Complex Hypothesis

Question 4

Specifies the expected direction to be followed to determine the relationship between variables and is derived from theory

Answer 4

Directional hypothesis

Question 5

Does not predict the exact direction or nature of the relationship between the two variables. Used when no theory is involved or when findings contradict previous research

Answer 5

Non-directional hypothesis

Question 6

Defines interdependency between variables. A change in one variable results in the change of the other variable.

Answer 6

Associative hypothesis

Question 7

Proposes an effect on the dependent due to manipulation of the independent variable

Answer 7

casual hypothesis

Question 8

States a negative statement to support the researcher’s findings that there is no relationship between the variables

Answer 8

Null hypothesis

Question 9

There is a relationship between the two variables of the study and that the results are significant to the research topic

Answer 9

Alternative hypothesis

Question 10

Statement of no difference between sample means or proportions or no difference between a sample mean or proportion and a population mean or proportion

Answer 10

Null hypothesis

Question 11

The difference of this hypothesis equates to 0

Answer 11

Null hypothesis

Question 12

Claim about the population that is contradictory to Ho

Answer 12

Alternative hypothesis

Question 13

greater than or equal to, less than or equal to, and equal to is used for what hypothesis

Answer 13

Null hypothesis

Question 14

A procedure used by statisticians to determine whether or not to reject a statement about a population

Answer 14

Hypothesis Testing

Question 15

Steps in hypothesis testing

Answer 15

State the null and alternative
determine level of significance and CV
Compute test statistic
decision rule
Draw conclusion

Question 16

What error: Rejection of the null hypothesis when it is true

Answer 16

Type I Error

Question 17

What error: Nonrejection of the null hypothesis when it is false

Answer 17

Type II error

Question 18

Considered as level of risk and is the maximum allowable prob or committing a type 1 error

Answer 18

“a” or Level of significance or confidence level

Question 19

When values fall in this region, it means that there is a significant difference between the actual value and its hypothesized value. The shaded region

Answer 19

Critical Region

Question 20

Non-shaded region. when value values in this region, the difference is due to chance.

Answer 20

Non-critical region

Question 21

What test to use if the sample size is greater than or equal to 30

Answer 21

Z-test

Question 22

What test to use if the sample size is less than 30 and uses sample variance

Answer 22

t-test

Question 23

What test to use if the sample is less than 30 and uses population variance

Answer 23

Z-test

Question 24

A set of statistical processes for estimating the relationships between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables

Answer 24

regression analysis

Question 25

Most common form of regression analysis where one finds the line that most likely fits the data according to a specific mathematical criterion

Answer 25

Linear regression

Question 26

A tool for analyzing relationships between two variables for determining how closely the two variables are related

Answer 26

Scatter diagram

Question 27

More points on the line heading up =

Answer 27

large positive correlation

Question 28

A measure of the strength of a linear association between two variables and is denoted by r

Answer 28

Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient

Question 29

The stronger the association of the two variables, the closer the person correlation coefficient, r, is to____

Answer 29

+1 or -1 depending on the relationship of negative and positive

Question 30

Staistical method that allows us to to summarize and study relationships between two continuous variables

Answer 30

Simple linear regression

Question 31

One variable, denoted as X, is regarded as

Answer 31

The predictor or independent variable

Question 32

Another variable, denoted as Y, is regarded as

Answer 32

Predictor or independent variable

Question 33

IN the equation y = mx+b, b is the

Answer 33

y-intercept

Question 34

In the equation y = mx+b, m stands for

Answer 34

The slope of the line

Question 35

Drawn within the scatter diagram to show the general trend of the data

Answer 35

Best-fit line

Question 36

Y' = a + bX, what do they each stand for

Answer 36

Y' = predicted value of Y for a selected value of X a = y -intercept b = slope of the line or the average change in Y' for each one-unit change

Question 37

Formula in calculating coefficient of determination

Answer 37

r^2