hypovolemia

Question 1

occurs when loss of ECF volume exceeds the intake of fluid.

Answer 1

HYPOVOLEMIA

Question 2

occurs when water and electrolytes are lost in the same proportion as they
exist in normal body fluids; thus, the ratio of serum electrolytes to water
remains the same.

Answer 2

HYPOVOLEMIA

Question 3

refers to loss of water alone, with increased serum sodium levels.

Answer 3

Dehydration

Question 4

pathophysiology of hypovolemia

Answer 4

Loss of body fluids + decreased fluid intake

Prolonged period of inadequate intake.

Question 5

Causes of Loss of Water and Electrolytes

Answer 5

Vomiting

• Diarrhea
• Fistulas
• Blood loss
• Gastrointestinal suction
• Third space fluid shifts

Question 6

causes of Prolonged Period of Inadequate Intake

Answer 6

• Anorexia
• Nausea
• Inability to gain access to fluid

Question 7

CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS in hypovolemia

Answer 7

Neurological
Mucous membranes
Integumentary
Urinary
Cardiovascular
Metabolic processes

Question 8

Potential complication of hypovolemia

Answer 8

Hypovolaemic shock

Question 9

blood pressure of hypovolemia

Answer 9

Decreased systolic

Postural hypotension

Question 10

Heart rate of hypovolemia

Answer 10

Increased

Question 11

Pulse amplitude of hypovolemia

Answer 11

Decreased

Question 12

Respirations of hypovolemia

Answer 12

normal

Question 13

Jugular vein of hypovolemia

Answer 13

flat

Question 14

edema in hypovolemia

Answer 14

rare

Question 15

skin turgor of hypovolemia

Answer 15

Loose, poor turgor

Question 16

Urine output of hypovolemia

Answer 16

Low concentrated

Question 17

weight in hypovolemia

Answer 17

loss

Question 18

DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS OF HYPOVOLEMIA

Increased hematocrit and hemoglobin

Answer 18

Decreased plasma volume

Question 19

DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS OF HYPOVOLEMIA
Increased serum and urine osmolality
and specific gravity

Answer 19

due to kidney’s attempt to conserve

water

Question 20

DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS OF HYPOVOLEMIA

Decreased urine sodium

Answer 20

due to secretion of aldosterone

Question 21

DIAGNOSTIC FINDINGS OF HYPOVOLEMIA

Increased BUN and creatinine

Answer 21

a volume-depleted patient has a BUN
elevated out of proportion to the
serum creatinine (ratio greater than
20:1)

Question 22

Serum Electrolyte changes

hypokalemia

Answer 22

Occurs with GI and renal losses.

Question 23

Serum Electrolyte changes

hyperkalemia

Answer 23

Occurs with adrenal insufficiency

Question 24

Serum Electrolyte changes

hyponatremia

Answer 24

Occurs with increased thirst and ADH

release.

Question 25

Serum Electrolyte changes hypernatremia

Answer 25

Results from increased insensible | losses and diabetes insipidus.

Question 26

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF HYPOVOLEMIA

Answer 26

HYDRATION MONITORING FLUID CHALLENGE

Question 27

rapid administration of a designated amount of intravenous fluid when urine output is low and cardiac or renal function is typical fluid challenge test involves administering 100 to 200 ml of normal saline solution over 15 minutes.

Answer 27

Fluid Challenge

Question 28

The goal is to provide fluids rapidly enough to attain adequate tissue perfusion without compromising the cardiovascular system. The response by a patient with FVD but normal renal function is increased urine output and an increase in blood pressure and central venous pressure.

Answer 28

Fluid Challenge

Question 29

a hemodynamic monitoring method for monitoring method for | evaluating fluid volume status

Answer 29

Central Venous Pressure

Question 30

Normal CENTRAL VENOUS PRESSURE CVP range

Answer 30

2 to 5mmHg

Question 31

Low CVP-

Answer 31

inadequate venous return from fluid deficit and hypovolemia or peripheral vasodilation

Question 32

High CVP

Answer 32

fluid overload, cardiac problems that decrease cardiac contractility or pulmonary disorders that Increase pulmonary vascular resistance

Question 33

TRUE OR FALSE | Monitor I and O every 7 hours. Normal Urine Output is 30m/hour

Answer 33

FALSE, 8 HOURS

Question 34

TRUE OR FALSE 180 measurements are totaled at the end of the shift (every 8 to 12 hours), and the totals are recorded in a client's chart

Answer 34

TRUE

Question 35

TRUE OR FALSE Compare the total 12-hour fluid output measurement with the total 24- hour fluid intake measurement and compare both to previous measurements

Answer 35

FALSE, 24-HOUR FLUID OUTPUT

Question 36

TRUE OR FALSE Clients whose output substantially exceeds intake are at risk for fluid volume deficit, whereas clients whose intake substantially exceeds output are at risk for fluid volume excess

Answer 36

TRUE

Question 37

TRUE OR FALSE When there is a significant discrepancy between intake and output or when fluid intake or output is inadequate (for example, a urine output of less than 30 mL/h in an adult)

Answer 37

TRUE

Question 38

WHAT ARE THE NURSING DIAGNOSIS FOR HYPOVOLEMIA

Answer 38

Deficient fluid volume Ineffective tissue perfusion Risk for injury