Hyrdology And Fluvial Morphology Flashcards
(14 cards)
What is the input component of a drainage basin system?
PRECIPITATION
What is ground water?
Water held in soil & in crevices between rocks & sediments
How deep can ground water be found?
As deep as 4km
What is the water table?
Upper layer of the saturated zone above this; this is breached by human water systems for extraction & use
What is recharge in the context of water systems?
Extracted water may be replaced by rainwater infiltration / inflow and seepage from rivers & lakes
What are springs?
The natural upwelling of ground water, perhaps due to rock changes below the surface
What is throughfall?
1: Precipitation that falls directly onto the ground. 2: Rain that falls from trees / plants: leaf drip.
What is stemflow?
During or after rainfall, the flow of intercepted water down the trunk or stem of a plant
What is recharge?
The percolation of water into a groundwater store.
What is infiltration?
Movement of water from the ground surface into the soil.
Describe a hélicoïdal/corkscrew flow.
Movement from the inner bank across the surface to the outer bank, and then a return as deep flow to the inner bank down stream.
What is a hélicoïdal flow caused by?
Pools and riffles
What direction is a turbulent flow?
Swirls and eddies. Horizontal and vertical flows, seemingly random.
What causes turbulent flow?
High velocity and obstacles in the river.
