I,E & V

Question 1

What is a gene

Answer 1

Small section of DNA that codes for a specific protein

Question 2

What does genome mean

Answer 2

Entire set of genetic material in an organism

Question 3

Name of disease that causes specific diseases

Answer 3

Inherited diseases

Question 4

transcription

Answer 4

The copying of a single gene of DNA, to mRNA

Question 5

Why does a gene of DNA have to be copied to mRNA (transcription)?

Answer 5

DNA is too large to leave the nucleus

Question 6

mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, which sub-cellular structure (organelle) does it go to?

Answer 6

ribosome

Question 7

pros and cons of sexual reproduction.

Answer 7

Pro - Because gametes fuse it leads to a large amount of variation
Pro - Population is less likely to wiped out by a disease or extreme event
Pro - Species can adapt to changing conditions by evolution
Con - It requires two parents
Con - Individuals may have have to spend large amounts of time and energy searching for a mate
Con - Many species spend resources impressing their mates even though it doesn’t aid survival

Question 8

As a result of meiosis, how many cells are produced?

Answer 8

4

Question 9

Which part of a human body cell is affected by cystic fibrosis?
what does it cause

Answer 9

Cell membrane

Thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs and digestive system

Question 10

evidence for the theory of evolution?

Answer 10

The spread of antibiotic resistance
Fossil records

Question 11

Describe a series of events that might result in zebras evolving to run more quickly.

Answer 11

There is variation among the zebra population so that some can run faster than others
A mutation arises that allows some zebras to run faster
Those zebras that can run fastest are more likely to survive…
…and are therefore more likely to reproduce and pass on their advantageous alleles
This repeats over multiple generations
So the advantageous allele spreads throughout the population, until the species has ‘evolved’ to run faster

Question 12

What are the drawbacks of inbreeding?

Answer 12

The population as a whole will be more at risk of disease
Rare inherited diseases are more likely to appear
It reduces that size of the gene pool

Question 13

Describe how the process of selective breeding could be used to increase milk production in a population of cows.

Answer 13

The cows that produce the most milk are selected…
… and bred together
This process in then repeated with the offspring of those cows
And again for multiple more generations

Question 14

Which 18th Century scientist developed the traditional classification system for classifying living things?

Answer 14

Carl Linnaeus

Question 15

which 20th century scientist used microscopes and modern technology to develop the three domain system to classify organisms?

Answer 15

Carl Woese

Question 16

The range of beak depth of medium ground finches on Isabela Island is different from the range on Daphne Island.
Explain what might have caused this difference.

Answer 16

colonisers of Isabela have a range of beak depths due to mutation
large range of (sizes / species of) seeds / food (on Isabela)

more competition for seeds

birds with larger beaks get enough food to (survive and) reproduc

(survivors) pass on (beneficial) alleles to offspring

Question 17

Describe how the ancestors of modern lemurs may have evolved into the species shown in Figure 3.

Answer 17

isolation of different populations
habitat variation between lemur populations
allow examples − biotic abiotic

genetic variation or mutation (in each population)
1better adapted survive (reproduce) and pass on (favourable) allele(s) to offspring

eventually) cannot produce fertile offspring with other populations

Question 18

Explain why all the bacteria in this clone are able to produce growth
hormone.

Answer 18

clone produced by asexual reproduction
allow by ‘mitosis’
all DNA / all genes are copied
allow GH gene copied allow plasmid copied
every cell receives a copy
or
receives every gene
genetically identical

Question 19

why might people selectively breed cats

Answer 19

-so that they do not have specific genetic defects
* to produce docile cats or so they are not aggressive

Question 20

Selective breeding could cause problems of inbreeding in cats.
Describe one problem inbreeding causes.

Answer 20

(cats) are more likely to pass on (recessive) disorders
or
more likely to be susceptible to diseases

Question 21

2 scientists that proposed theory of evolution by natural selection

Answer 21

Charles Darwin
Alfred russel Wallace

Question 22

why only bones become fossils

Answer 22

hard bodies so don’t decay
soft parts decay

Question 23

three reasons fossil record is not clear for older species

Answer 23

fossils buried deeper
smaller harder to find
destroyed by geographical actviites- earthquakes,erosion

Question 24

explain how a fossil may have formed

Answer 24

covered in sediment / mud

(then) the soft parts decay / are eaten
or
bones / hard parts do not decay

(so) minerals enter bones
or
bones are replaced by minerals

Question 25

how scientists can prove animals parts of same species

Answer 25

interbreed successfully