I: Innate Immunity Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in I: Innate Immunity Deck (18)
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1
Q

Describe the 4 components of the Innate Immune system.

A
  • Physical barriers
  • Physiological barriers
  • Chemical barriers
  • Biological barriers
2
Q

Name some physical barriers to pathogens.

A
  • Skin
  • Mucous Membranes
  • Bronchial cilia
3
Q

Name some physiological barriers to pathogens.

A
  • Diarrhoea
  • Vomiting
  • Coughing
  • Sneezing
4
Q

Name some chemical barriers to pathogens.

A
  • Low pH

- Antimicrobial molecules (e.g. IgA, Lysozyme, mucus ect)

5
Q

Name some biological barriers to pathogens.

A
  • Normal flora
6
Q

What is the role of macrophages in preventing infection?

A
  • Ingest and destroy microbes (phagocytosis)
  • Produce cytokines
  • Antigen presentation to T cells
7
Q

What is the role of monocytes in preventing infection?

A

Recruited to site of infection and differentiate into macrophages.

8
Q

What is the role of neutrophils in preventing infection?

A

Ingest and destroy pathogenic bacteria

9
Q

What is the role of eosinophils in preventing infection?

A

Defense against multi-cellular parasites

10
Q

What is the role of natural killer cells in preventing infection?

A

Kill all abnormal host cells (virus infected or malignant)

11
Q

What is the role of dendritic cells in preventing infection?

A

Present microbial antigens to T cells (acquired immunity)

12
Q

What are opsonins?

A

A coating of proteins that bind to the microbial surfaces leading to enhanced attachment of phagocytes and clearance microbes.

13
Q

Name 2 acute phase proteins.

A
  • CRP

- MBL (Mannose-binding lectin)

14
Q

Name 3 encapsulated bacteria.

A
  • Neisseria meningitidis
  • Streptococcus pneumoniae
  • Haemophilus influenza B
15
Q

What is respiratory burst?

A

The intracelluar killing mechanism by which a phagocyte uses the oxygen-dependent pathway to destroy a microorganism.

16
Q

What is the antimicrobial action of C3a and C5a complement proteins?

A

Recruitment of phagocytes

17
Q

What is the antimicrobial action of C3b and C4b complement proteins?

A

Opsonisation of pathogens

18
Q

What is the antimicrobial action of C5 and C9 complement proteins?

A

Creates a pore for cell lysis

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