I & P Term 1 -- first 1/2

Question 1

Attachment theory by….

Answer 1

John Bowlby

Question 2

What is the attachment theory?

Answer 2

States that early life experiences strongly influences later adult functioning and vulnerability to psychopathy

Question 3

Stages of attachment…

0-2 months?

Answer 3

Pre-attachment

Question 4

How old is a child when ‘attachment in the making’ occurs?

Answer 4

2-7 months

Question 5

What form of attachment occurs between 7-24 months?

Answer 5

Clear-cut attachment

Question 6

When is goal corrected partnership?

Answer 6

24 month plus

Question 7

How old is a child when ‘stranger anxiety’ occurs?

Answer 7

10 months

Question 8

How old is a child when they experience separation distress?

Answer 8

12 months

Question 9

Harlow & Harlow…

Answer 9

studied maternal separation and dependency needs by socially isolating baby monkeys

Question 10

The strange situation….

Answer 10

By Ainsworth

Question 11

What are the different types of attachment as stated by Ainsworth?
How old were the children he examined?

Answer 11

• Secure
• Insecure (avoidant)
• Insecure (resistant)
• Disorganised

-12 months- normally when seperation distress kicks in

Question 12

What is insecure (avoidant) attachment?

Answer 12

Is okay when left with stange AND avoids contact with mum on reunion

Question 13

What is insecure (resistant) attachment?

Answer 13

Very upset when mum leaves, and when mum returns the child is difficult to calm and resists mum

Question 14

When was the Minnesota Longitudinal study and what did it examine….?

Answer 14

1975
It examined 250 children whose mothers were at moderate risk of psychological problems. It found that after 5 years, insecurely attatched children (be it avoidant or resistant) were:
- more relaible on teachers
-More socially isolated
-More passive and easily frustrated

Question 15

What is gender?

Answer 15

It is chosen, so masculine or feminine

Question 16

What is the ‘social learning theory’ in sex and gender that leads to gender identity?

Answer 16

That children accept their gender as parents continually correct the childs behaviour in accordance to societal gender roles

Question 17

What is the ‘cognitive development theory’ in sex and gender that leads to gender identity?

Answer 17

When the child has adopted a male/female gender identity, they will display according behaviour

Question 18

How old is a child when they acquire ‘gender identity’ and what is this?

Answer 18

Its when they can say who is a boy and who is a girl

Occurs at 2-3 years

Question 19

How old is a child when they obtain ‘gender stability’?

Answer 19

4 years

Question 20

What is ‘gender constancy’ and how old is a child when they acquire gender constancy?

Answer 20

’ Boys don’t change into girls by wearing a dress’- gender is constant
4-5 years

Question 21

Male and females have the same cognitive abilities, but men have better…..(what 3 abilities?)

Answer 21

• Verbal
  -Spatial
  -Maths
  ……abilies

Question 22

What is the ‘gender similarities’ hypothesis?

Answer 22

= males and females are similar on most, but not all, psychological variables.
The only difference is in throwing, sexuality and physcial aggression.

Question 23

Cognitive development….
What is:
-Schemas?

Answer 23

Theories on how the physical and social world operate

Question 24

Cognitive development….
What is:
-Assimilation?

Answer 24

Understanding a new object, it is how humans perceive and adapt to new information

Question 25

Cognitive development.... What is: -Accommodation?

Answer 25

Modifying a pre-existing schema (theory)

Question 26

Cognitive development.... What is: -Operation?

Answer 26

Metal consideration of information in a logical manner

Question 27

Cognitive development.... What is: -Conservation?

Answer 27

Understanding that amount is unrelated to apperance

Question 28

Who developed the 4 stages of child development?

Answer 28

Jean Piaget

Question 29

What are the 4 different stages of child development?

Answer 29

1. Sensoirmotor 2. Pre-operational 3. Concrete operational 4. Formal operational

Question 30

What is 'sensorimotor' in child developement and how old is the child when it occurs?

Answer 30

Birth-2 years When infants construct knowlege and understanding of the world around them by coordinating experiences with physical interactions

Question 31

What stage of child development in Jean Piaget stages occurs between 2-7 years and what occurs?

Answer 31

Pre-operational When children cannot mentially manipulate information, but have some understanding- although it can only be considered from one view point

Question 32

What is 'concrete operational' child development in Jean Piagets stages?

Answer 32

When children can use logic, can draw from personal experiences and can consider problems in reverse

Question 33

What is 'formal operational' child behaviour? Who wrote it as one of four stages? how old is a child when they undergo this behaviour?

Answer 33

- The ability to reason in symbolic terms and can plan ahead - 11 years + - Jean Piaget

Question 34

What is The Wechsler adult intellegence test? | What 4 types of cognition does it pick up on?

Answer 34

A test that is divided into 14 collections to examine 2 forms of IQ: Verbal and performance 1. Verbal comprehension 2. Performance organisation 3. Working memory 4. Processing speed

Question 35

What is Phrenology?

Answer 35

Detailed study and shape of the cranium

Question 36

What does the left hemisphere control?

Answer 36

- Complex language and logical functions | - Mathematics

Question 37

What does the right hemisphere control?

Answer 37

- Simple language functions - Spatial/pattern abilities - Emotional regulation

Question 38

What is commissurotomy?

Answer 38

A surgical incision to cut the corpus callosum. | This leads to split brain, where each side of the brain acts individually with different functions

Question 39

What is phonology?

Answer 39

Sound systems- combination word rules for meaningful speech

Question 40

What is sematics?

Answer 40

Expressing the meaning of words and sentences | The smallest meaning of words that carry a meaning

Question 41

What is Syntax?

Answer 41

The form or structure of a words and sentences

Question 42

What is pragmatics?

Answer 42

Rules about language in social content

Question 43

What does the pre-linguistic period consist of?

Answer 43

Consists of crying, cooing and babbling. Babies also learn turn-taking and intoniation (pitch said of words)

Question 44

What stage of language is between 12-18 months?

Answer 44

'Appreciation of meaning' of words

Question 45

How old is a child when they undergo 'telegraphic speech' and what is it?

Answer 45

- 18-24 months | - 2 word utterances to covey meaning e.g. more outside

Question 46

How old is a child when they begin to have an interest in rhymes/songs, commentries etc

Answer 46

3-5 years

Question 47

What stage of developing language occurs in a child 2+ years?

Answer 47

Beginning of adult speech?

Question 48

What is propositional speech?

Answer 48

Verbal language

Question 49

What is imaginable though?

Answer 49

Visual imagery of thought

Question 50

What is Skinners theory?

Answer 50

That language is learnt | This is done via social input from adults

Question 51

How thought that 'children are born with language'? and are prewired to understand grammer?

Answer 51

Chomsky

Question 52

List 4 things that proove that language is a biologically programmed behaviour?

Answer 52

1. Spontaneity 2. Lennenbergs critical period hypothesis- he though that acquiring language is linked to age 3. Comparisons with animal language 4. Deafness

Question 53

What 2 brain areas are involved in language?

Answer 53

- The Brocas area | - Wernickes area

Question 54

In addition to the Brocas area and Wernickes area, what 2 parts of the brain are involved in a heard word?

Answer 54

- Primary auditory area | - Motor area

Question 55

In addition to the Brocas area and Wernickes area, what 3 parts of the brain are involved in a read word?

Answer 55

- Primary visual area - Angular gyrus - Motor area

Question 56

What is expressive asphasia?

Answer 56

The loss of ability to produce language

Question 57

What type of asphasia is it when you are unable to understand language?

Answer 57

Receptive asphasia

Question 58

What is the United Nations Convention on the rights of the child (1992)?

Answer 58

A list of 40 specific rights children have

Question 59

What are the 3 types of parenting?

Answer 59

- Authoritarian - Authoritative - Permissive

Question 60

What is permissive parenting?

Answer 60

When the parents has relaxed ideas about discipline and behaviour?

Question 61

What type of parenting is it when the parent has strict ideas about discipline and behaviour that are not open to discussion? They are demanding and unresponsive

Answer 61

Authoritarian

Question 62

How old are children when they start to show interest in peers?

Answer 62

12-18 months

Question 63

How old are children when they play on their own but next to eachother?

Answer 63

2-4 years

Question 64

What type of play do children have between 5-6 years?

Answer 64

Group play but in single sex groups

Question 65

How old are children when they develop cliques who tend to be mixed sex?

Answer 65

12+ years

Question 66

What are the 4 types of Sociometric status?

Answer 66

- Popular - Controversial - Neglected - Rejected

Question 67

What type of sociometric status is it when children are the high 'liked' and also have high 'disliked'?

Answer 67

Controversial!!!